| Peer-Reviewed

Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction

Received: 18 February 2021     Accepted: 3 March 2021     Published: 12 March 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This research concerned itself with the comparative analysis of compaction of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand for road construction in swampy regions. Sieve analysis and compaction (moisture-density relationship) tests were conducted on the offshore sand sample to compare the compaction efforts of the two materials for road subbase filling. Based on the results of the tests carried out, the offshore sand sample was found to belong to the A-2 group and falls within Grading Zone 2. The results of dry density against cement content as well as optimum moisture content against cement content shows that compaction of the offshore sand is poor with values of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content obtained as 1.755g/cm3 and 11.67% respectively. After 4% Cement Content stabilization, the values increased to 1.935g/cm3 and 12.21% respectively. At 6% Cement Content stabilization, the value of Maximum Dry Density increased to 1.948g/cm3 while the Optimum Moisture Content dropped to 8.77%. At 8% cement content stabilization, the values obtained were 1.967g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 10.40% for optimum moisture content. At 10% cement content, the results were 1.982g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 12.25% for optimum moisture content. Upon increasing cement content to 12%, the values obtained became 2.027g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 9.76% for optimum moisture content. It follows therefore that increasing cement contents yielded increase in compaction of the offshore sand sample. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve its engineering property of compaction for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11
Page(s) 21-27
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Compaction, Maximum Dry Density, Optimum Moisture Content, Offshore Sand, Cement

References
[1] Bolarinwa, A. (2009). Geotechnical Properties of Nigerian Soils.
[2] ChinemereOgbonnaya (2014). Bituminous Stabilization of clay soils for road construction.
[3] D. Jones, A. Rahim, S. Saadeh, and J. THarvey (2012), Guidelines for the Stabilization of Subgrade Soilsin California, Guideline: UCPRC-2010-01.
[4] H. R. NIkraz (2012). Bitumen – Cement stabilized layer in Pavement Construction.
[5] Harris, V. A. P, Hitch L. S and J. M Jowett (1983), Bituminous Stabilization of Fine Sands.
[6] Marandi S. M and Safapour P (2012). Laboratory study on the use of bitumen emulsion in a gravel road.
[7] Martin et al. (2009). Foamed Bitumen Stabilization.
[8] Marto, A.; Latifi, N.; Eisazadeh, A. (2014). Effect of non-traditional additives on engineering and microstructural characteristics of laterite soil. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39: 6949–6958.
[9] Paul et al. (2011). Laboratory performance of Asphalt emulsion treated base.
[10] Ramanujan and Jones (2008) Design mix for foamed stabilized bitumen.
[11] Yang, J.; Wang, F.; Fang, L.; Tan, T. (2007). The effects of aging tests on a novel chemical sand-fixing agent—Polyaspartic acid. Compos. Sci. Technol. 67: 2160–2164.
[12] Yuehuan et al (2010). A preliminary study on foamed Bitumen stabilization for Western Australian pavements.
[13] Choi, Y.; Ahn, D.; Nguyen, T. H.; Ahn, J. Assessment of field compaction of aggregate base materials for permeable pavements based on plate load tests. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3817.
[14] Umashankar, B.; Hariprasad, C.; Kumar, G. T. Compaction quality control of pavement layers using LWD. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2016, 28, 04015111.
[15] Walubita, L. F.; Lee, S. I.; Abu-Farsakh, M.; Scullion, T.; Nazarian, S.; Abdallah, I. Texas Flexible Pavements and Overlays, Year 5 Report. Complete Data Documentation; FHWA/TX-15/0-6658-3; Texas Department of Transportation: College Station, TX, USA, 2017.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. (2021). Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 6(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6(2), 21-27. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Owo Awajigbana Tugwell. Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2021;6(2):21-27. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11,
      author = {Owo Awajigbana Tugwell},
      title = {Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction},
      journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {21-27},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20210602.11},
      abstract = {This research concerned itself with the comparative analysis of compaction of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand for road construction in swampy regions. Sieve analysis and compaction (moisture-density relationship) tests were conducted on the offshore sand sample to compare the compaction efforts of the two materials for road subbase filling. Based on the results of the tests carried out, the offshore sand sample was found to belong to the A-2 group and falls within Grading Zone 2. The results of dry density against cement content as well as optimum moisture content against cement content shows that compaction of the offshore sand is poor with values of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content obtained as 1.755g/cm3 and 11.67% respectively. After 4% Cement Content stabilization, the values increased to 1.935g/cm3 and 12.21% respectively. At 6% Cement Content stabilization, the value of Maximum Dry Density increased to 1.948g/cm3 while the Optimum Moisture Content dropped to 8.77%. At 8% cement content stabilization, the values obtained were 1.967g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 10.40% for optimum moisture content. At 10% cement content, the results were 1.982g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 12.25% for optimum moisture content. Upon increasing cement content to 12%, the values obtained became 2.027g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 9.76% for optimum moisture content. It follows therefore that increasing cement contents yielded increase in compaction of the offshore sand sample. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve its engineering property of compaction for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Analysis of the Compaction of Natural Offshore Sand and Cement Stabilized Offshore Sand for Road Construction
    AU  - Owo Awajigbana Tugwell
    Y1  - 2021/03/12
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11
    T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
    JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
    JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
    SP  - 21
    EP  - 27
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-3890
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210602.11
    AB  - This research concerned itself with the comparative analysis of compaction of natural offshore sand and cement stabilized offshore sand for road construction in swampy regions. Sieve analysis and compaction (moisture-density relationship) tests were conducted on the offshore sand sample to compare the compaction efforts of the two materials for road subbase filling. Based on the results of the tests carried out, the offshore sand sample was found to belong to the A-2 group and falls within Grading Zone 2. The results of dry density against cement content as well as optimum moisture content against cement content shows that compaction of the offshore sand is poor with values of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content obtained as 1.755g/cm3 and 11.67% respectively. After 4% Cement Content stabilization, the values increased to 1.935g/cm3 and 12.21% respectively. At 6% Cement Content stabilization, the value of Maximum Dry Density increased to 1.948g/cm3 while the Optimum Moisture Content dropped to 8.77%. At 8% cement content stabilization, the values obtained were 1.967g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 10.40% for optimum moisture content. At 10% cement content, the results were 1.982g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 12.25% for optimum moisture content. Upon increasing cement content to 12%, the values obtained became 2.027g/cm3 for maximum dry density and 9.76% for optimum moisture content. It follows therefore that increasing cement contents yielded increase in compaction of the offshore sand sample. This investigation concludes that cement can be used to stabilize offshore sand to improve its engineering property of compaction for use as subbase material for construction of road in swampy regions.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

  • Sections