| Peer-Reviewed

Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water

Received: 16 October 2018     Accepted: 5 November 2018     Published: 4 December 2018
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Water quality is one of the most important concerns. This study focused on screening of the most dangerous heavy metals(cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel)in fresh water sources (surface and groundwater) of study area, Sohag governorate, Egypt. Ninety samples were collected from 15 sites along the study area extending from Tima to Dar-Elsalam cities; 12 wells and 3 Nile river local sites, 6 samples for each site, three during winter and three during summer. Results indicated that, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electric conductivity(EC) parameters in all samples increased significantly in summer than winter. While pH increased in winter than summer. All tested physical parameters of samples were within the safe limit of drinking water as prescribed by WHO, except pH in samples S1 and S3. The concentration of metals in the study area showed that all tested samples were free from Cr during winter or summer season. Also, Cu was not recorded in winter but appeared during summer season within permissible limit. Nickel (Ni) was recorded in all tested samples within permissible limit. On the other hand, Cd and Pb were recorded over than permissible limit in some samples. This study may represent dangerous alarm for the potential threats to the fresh water resources in study area.

Published in Journal of Biomaterials (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14
Page(s) 46-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Drink Water, Surface Water, Ground Water, Heavy Metal Pollutants

References
[1] Hinrichsen D, Tacio H (2002). The coming freshwater crisis is already here. The linkages between population and water. Washington, DC.
[2] Liu, J., Dorjderem, A., Fu, J., Lei, X., Liu, H., Macer, D., Qiao, Q., Sun, A., Tachiyama, K., Yu, L, and Zheng Y. (2011). Water Ethics and Water Resource Management. UNESCO Bangkok.
[3] Alley, W. M., (2003). Desalination of groundwater: Earth Science Perspectives U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet., pp: 075-034.
[4] Abu-Zeid M., (1991)."Water Resources Assessment for Egypt", Ministry of water resources and irrigation. Egypt.
[5] Abdel Moneim AA (1999). Geoelectrical and hydrogeological investigations of the groundwater resources on the area to the west of the cultivated land at Sohag, Upper Egypt. Egypt J Geol 43(2): 253–268.
[6] Yehia, H. and Sabae, S. (2011). Microbial Pollution of Water in El-Salam Canal, Egypt. American-Eurasian J. of Agricultural & Environmental Science, 11(2): 305-309.
[7] Abdel-Moneim, A. A., (1992). Numerical simulation and groundwater management of the Sohag aquifer, the Nile Valley, Egypt. Ph. D. Thesis, Civil Eng. Dept. Strathclyde Univ., Glasgow, Scotland, Great Britain.
[8] Gomaa, A. A., (2006). Hydrogeological and geophysical assessment of the reclaimed areas in Sohag, Nile Valley, Egypt. Ph. D. Thesis, Fac. Sci., Ain Shams Univ., Egypt.
[9] Shaibani, A., (2008). Hydrogeology and hydrogeochemisrty of a shallow alluvial aquifer, west Saudi Arabia. Hydrogeology Journal, 16: 155-165.
[10] Chakravarty, P., SenSarma, N., &Sarma, H. P. (2010). Biosorption of cadmium (II) from aqueous solution using heartwood powder of Areca catechu. Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 949–955.
[11] Ahmed AA (2007). Using contamination and pesticide drastic GIS-based models for vulnerability assessment of QuaternaryAquifer at Sohag, Egypt. The 5th Intern. ConfGeol Africa (1): 29–47 (Oct. 2007), Assiut-Egypt.
[12] Youssef A. A., Omer, A. A., Ibrahim, M. S., Ali, M. H. and Cawlfield, J. D. (2009). Geotechnical investigation of sewage wastewater disposal sites and use of GIS land usemaps to assess environmental hazards: Sohag, upper Egypt. Arab J. Geosci.4: 719–733.
[13] Papafilippaki, A., Kotti, M. and Stavroulakis, G. (2008). Seasonal variations in dissolved heavy metals in the Keritis River Chania, Greece. Global Nest J.; 3: 320-325.
[14] Fong, F., Seng, C., Azan, A. and Tahir, M. (2008). Possible source and pattern distribution of heavy metals content in urban soil at Kuala Terengganu Town Centre. The Malasian Journal of Analytical Sciences; 12: 458-467.
[15] Mehmet E. A., Sukru, D., Celalettin, O., and Mustafa, K., (2007). Heavy metal adsorption by modified oak sawdust. Thermodynamics & kinetic. J. Hazard Mater. 141, 77-85.
[16] [16]Ahmed A. Melegy, A. M. Shaban, M. M. Hassaan and S. A. Salman, (2014). Geochemical mobilization of some heavy metals in water resources and their impact on human health in Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. Volume7, Issue11, pp 4541–4552.
[17] American public Health Association (APHA) (1992). American Water Work Association (AWWA). and Water Environ. Federation. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, the 18th Ed. American public health Association.
[18] Trick, J. K., Stuart, M. and Reeder, S. (2008). Contaminated groundwater samplingand quality control of water analyses. In: Vivo DE et al (eds)Environmental geochemistry site characterization, data analysis andcase histories. Elsevier, London, pp 29–57.
[19] WHO (World Health Organization), (1993). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. World HealthOrganization, Geneva, Switzerland.
[20] Elnazer, A. A., Mostafa, A., Salman, A. S., Elmontser, M. S. and Ahmed, G. A. (2018). Temporal and spatial evaluation of the River Nile water quality between Qena and Sohag Cities, Egypt. Bulletin of the National Research Centre (2018) 42:3.
[21] Abdel-Azeem, A. M., T. S. Abdel-Moneim, M. E. Ibrahim, M. Y. Saleh, S. Y. Saleh and Abdel-Moneim, O. A. (2009). Microbiological and physiochemical analysis of groundwater and its biological effect on population in Saint Katherine Protectorate, Egypt. Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC, 13, Hurghada, Egypt.
[22] El-Senousy, W. M., Osman, G. A. and Melegy, A. A. (2014). Survival of Adenovirus, Rotavirus Hepatitis AVirus, Pathogenic Bacteria and Bacterial Indicators in Ground Water. World Applied Sciences Journal, 29(3): 337-348.
[23] WHO, (2011). Guideline for drinking water quality. Recommendations, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[24] Lauwerys RR (1979). Health effects of cadmium. In: Di Ferrante E (ed) Trace metal: exposure and health effects. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 43–64.
[25] Toufeek MEF (2011). Distribution of cadmium and lead in Aswan Reservoir and River Nile water at Aswan. World App Sci J 13(2): 369–375.
[26] Osman, G. A., Shaban, A. M., Melegy, A. A., Hassaan, M. M. and Salman, S. A. (2012). A baseline Study on Microbial and Inorganic Chemicals Contaminants of Health Importance in Groundwater and Surface Water of Sohag Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(12): 5765-5773.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohamed Youssef, Ebtesam Mohamed Mors, Samia Mohamed Soliman, Abdel-Raheim El-Sayed Abdel-Latief. (2018). Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water. Journal of Biomaterials, 2(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohamed Youssef; Ebtesam Mohamed Mors; Samia Mohamed Soliman; Abdel-Raheim El-Sayed Abdel-Latief. Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water. J. Biomater. 2018, 2(2), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohamed Youssef, Ebtesam Mohamed Mors, Samia Mohamed Soliman, Abdel-Raheim El-Sayed Abdel-Latief. Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water. J Biomater. 2018;2(2):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14,
      author = {Mohamed Youssef and Ebtesam Mohamed Mors and Samia Mohamed Soliman and Abdel-Raheim El-Sayed Abdel-Latief},
      title = {Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water},
      journal = {Journal of Biomaterials},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {46-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jb.20180202.14},
      abstract = {Water quality is one of the most important concerns. This study focused on screening of the most dangerous heavy metals(cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel)in fresh water sources (surface and groundwater) of study area, Sohag governorate, Egypt. Ninety samples were collected from 15 sites along the study area extending from Tima to Dar-Elsalam cities; 12 wells and 3 Nile river local sites, 6 samples for each site, three during winter and three during summer. Results indicated that, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electric conductivity(EC) parameters in all samples increased significantly in summer than winter. While pH increased in winter than summer. All tested physical parameters of samples were within the safe limit of drinking water as prescribed by WHO, except pH in samples S1 and S3. The concentration of metals in the study area showed that all tested samples were free from Cr during winter or summer season. Also, Cu was not recorded in winter but appeared during summer season within permissible limit. Nickel (Ni) was recorded in all tested samples within permissible limit. On the other hand, Cd and Pb were recorded over than permissible limit in some samples. This study may represent dangerous alarm for the potential threats to the fresh water resources in study area.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Heavy Metal Pollutants in Fresh Water
    AU  - Mohamed Youssef
    AU  - Ebtesam Mohamed Mors
    AU  - Samia Mohamed Soliman
    AU  - Abdel-Raheim El-Sayed Abdel-Latief
    Y1  - 2018/12/04
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14
    T2  - Journal of Biomaterials
    JF  - Journal of Biomaterials
    JO  - Journal of Biomaterials
    SP  - 46
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-2629
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.14
    AB  - Water quality is one of the most important concerns. This study focused on screening of the most dangerous heavy metals(cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel)in fresh water sources (surface and groundwater) of study area, Sohag governorate, Egypt. Ninety samples were collected from 15 sites along the study area extending from Tima to Dar-Elsalam cities; 12 wells and 3 Nile river local sites, 6 samples for each site, three during winter and three during summer. Results indicated that, total dissolved solids (TDS) and electric conductivity(EC) parameters in all samples increased significantly in summer than winter. While pH increased in winter than summer. All tested physical parameters of samples were within the safe limit of drinking water as prescribed by WHO, except pH in samples S1 and S3. The concentration of metals in the study area showed that all tested samples were free from Cr during winter or summer season. Also, Cu was not recorded in winter but appeared during summer season within permissible limit. Nickel (Ni) was recorded in all tested samples within permissible limit. On the other hand, Cd and Pb were recorded over than permissible limit in some samples. This study may represent dangerous alarm for the potential threats to the fresh water resources in study area.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

  • Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

  • Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt

  • Soil, Water and Environment Res. Institute, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

  • Sections