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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae)

Received: 3 August 2021     Accepted: 20 August 2021     Published: 5 October 2021
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Abstract

When oxidation by free radicals exceeds antioxidant systems in the body, oxidative stress usually results. This is common in the underlying processes leading to aging, infertility and of a range of non-communicable diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. There exist measures to curb oxidative stress, one of which is to take in exogenous antioxidants in form of supplements and in diet. Studies have shown that certain plants have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of the crude extract of Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. (Lamiaceae). The crude extract was partitioned using N-hexane, Di-ethylether, Ethyl acetate and N-butanol in that order. TLC phytochemical screening as well as DPPH bioautographic analysis was done for each fraction as well as the residual aqueous fraction in suitable mobile phase system in order to evaluate their FRSA and secondary metabolites. A DPPH assay was then carried out using ultraviolet spectroscopy to quantify the activity. The fraction with the lowest IC50 and highest activity was further separated into fractions by column chromatography. DPPH bioautography and phytochemical screening were done on the resulting fractions. The crude as well as the five fractions had FRSA in varying degrees. Ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 (0.42mg/mL) and the highest activity. The decreasing order of activity was ethyl acetate>diethyl ether>n-butanol>crude>aqueous>n-hexane. Among the fractions obtained from column chromatography, fraction D was the most active. Terpenoids and flavonoids were the main secondary metabolites observed in the plant and were responsible for the FRSA. Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. has antioxidant activity which is mostly due to its terpenoid and flavonoid content.

Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13
Page(s) 101-110
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Platostoma africanum P. Beauv., FRSA, Antioxidant, Phytochemical Screening, Column Chromatography, DPPH Bioautography

References
[1] Rahman I., Adcock I. (2016). Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation inCOPD, European Respiratory Journal, 28: 219-242.
[2] Aikpokpodion P., Edet O. (2011). Karyotype characterization of Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. In Southeastern Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 6 (2): 103-105.
[3] Ajaiyeoba E., Ogbole O., Ajayi T., Sonibare M., Elufioye T., Olayemi J., Aladesanmi J., Adeyemi A., Moody J. (2015). Pharmacognosy practical manual. Faculty of pharmacy, University of Ibadan.
[4] Aladedunye F., Okorie D., Ighodaro O. (2018). Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and constituents of Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. Natural Product Research. 22 (12): 1067-1073.
[5] Albano E.(2016). Alcohol, oxidative stress and free radical damage. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 65 (3): 278-290.
[6] Camps J., Garcia-Heredia A. (2014). Introduction: Oxidation and Inflammation, a molecular link between non-communicable diseases. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 824: 1-4.
[7] Yoshikawa T., Naito Y. (2012). What it oxidative stress? Japan Medical Association Journal. 45 (7): 271-276.
[8] Carvalho A., Firuzi O., Gama M., Horssen J., Saso L. (2017). Oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurological diseases: Is there still hope. Current drug targets. 18 (6): 705-718.
[9] Buettner G. (2011). Superoxide dismutase in redox biology: the roles of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 11 (4): 341-346.
[10] Anthonia O., Chukwuma E. (2014). Diabetes Mellitus in Nigeria: The past, present andfuture. World Journal of Diabetes, 5 (6): 905-911.
[11] Lei X., Zhu J., Cheng W., Bao Y., Ho Y., ReddiA., Holmgren A., Arner E. (2016) Paradoxical roles of antioxidant enzymes: Basic mechanisms and health implications. Physiological Reviews, 96 (1): 307-364.
[12] Akawa A, B., Gazuwa, S. Y., Ojo, A, B., Olaiya, O. E. (2018). Effects of aqueous extract of Vernoniaamygdalina Delile leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacology Online Vol 2 219-226.
[13] Aschbacher K., O’Donovan A., Wolkowitz O., Dhabhar F., Su Y., Epel E. (2013). Good stress, Bad stress and oxidative stress: insights from anticipatory cortisol reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 38 (9): 1698-1708.
[14] Behrendoff J., Vickers C., Chrysanthopoulos P., Nielsen L. (2013). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as a screening tool for recombinant monoterpene biosynthesis. Microbial Cell Factories, 120: 76.
[15] Bayani U., Ajay V., Paolo Z., Mahajan T. (2014). Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options. Current Neuropharmacology, 7 (1): 60-74.
[16] Arner E., Holmgren A. (2014). Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxinreductase. European Journal of Biochemistry, 267 (20): 6102-6109.
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    Oluwatoyin Alice Tella, Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin, Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode, Adu Isaac Adekola, Akawa Oluwole Bidemi, et al. (2021). Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7(5), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13

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    ACS Style

    Oluwatoyin Alice Tella; Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin; Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode; Adu Isaac Adekola; Akawa Oluwole Bidemi, et al. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae). Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2021, 7(5), 101-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13

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    AMA Style

    Oluwatoyin Alice Tella, Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin, Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode, Adu Isaac Adekola, Akawa Oluwole Bidemi, et al. Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae). Int J Pharm Chem. 2021;7(5):101-110. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13,
      author = {Oluwatoyin Alice Tella and Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin and Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode and Adu Isaac Adekola and Akawa Oluwole Bidemi and Olaiya Oluranti Esther},
      title = {Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae)},
      journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {101-110},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20210705.13},
      abstract = {When oxidation by free radicals exceeds antioxidant systems in the body, oxidative stress usually results. This is common in the underlying processes leading to aging, infertility and of a range of non-communicable diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. There exist measures to curb oxidative stress, one of which is to take in exogenous antioxidants in form of supplements and in diet. Studies have shown that certain plants have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of the crude extract of Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. (Lamiaceae). The crude extract was partitioned using N-hexane, Di-ethylether, Ethyl acetate and N-butanol in that order. TLC phytochemical screening as well as DPPH bioautographic analysis was done for each fraction as well as the residual aqueous fraction in suitable mobile phase system in order to evaluate their FRSA and secondary metabolites. A DPPH assay was then carried out using ultraviolet spectroscopy to quantify the activity. The fraction with the lowest IC50 and highest activity was further separated into fractions by column chromatography. DPPH bioautography and phytochemical screening were done on the resulting fractions. The crude as well as the five fractions had FRSA in varying degrees. Ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 (0.42mg/mL) and the highest activity. The decreasing order of activity was ethyl acetate>diethyl ether>n-butanol>crude>aqueous>n-hexane. Among the fractions obtained from column chromatography, fraction D was the most active. Terpenoids and flavonoids were the main secondary metabolites observed in the plant and were responsible for the FRSA. Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. has antioxidant activity which is mostly due to its terpenoid and flavonoid content.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a 70% Ethanol Extract of the Whole Herb of Platostoma africanum P. Beaur. (Lamiaceae)
    AU  - Oluwatoyin Alice Tella
    AU  - Akawa Ayodeji Benjamin
    AU  - Fasuba Ilesanmi Kayode
    AU  - Adu Isaac Adekola
    AU  - Akawa Oluwole Bidemi
    AU  - Olaiya Oluranti Esther
    Y1  - 2021/10/05
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13
    T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    SP  - 101
    EP  - 110
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5749
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20210705.13
    AB  - When oxidation by free radicals exceeds antioxidant systems in the body, oxidative stress usually results. This is common in the underlying processes leading to aging, infertility and of a range of non-communicable diseases including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. There exist measures to curb oxidative stress, one of which is to take in exogenous antioxidants in form of supplements and in diet. Studies have shown that certain plants have antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) of the crude extract of Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. (Lamiaceae). The crude extract was partitioned using N-hexane, Di-ethylether, Ethyl acetate and N-butanol in that order. TLC phytochemical screening as well as DPPH bioautographic analysis was done for each fraction as well as the residual aqueous fraction in suitable mobile phase system in order to evaluate their FRSA and secondary metabolites. A DPPH assay was then carried out using ultraviolet spectroscopy to quantify the activity. The fraction with the lowest IC50 and highest activity was further separated into fractions by column chromatography. DPPH bioautography and phytochemical screening were done on the resulting fractions. The crude as well as the five fractions had FRSA in varying degrees. Ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 (0.42mg/mL) and the highest activity. The decreasing order of activity was ethyl acetate>diethyl ether>n-butanol>crude>aqueous>n-hexane. Among the fractions obtained from column chromatography, fraction D was the most active. Terpenoids and flavonoids were the main secondary metabolites observed in the plant and were responsible for the FRSA. Platostoma africanum P. Beauv. has antioxidant activity which is mostly due to its terpenoid and flavonoid content.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

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