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Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones

Received: 14 March 2022     Accepted: 1 April 2022     Published: 14 April 2022
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Abstract

The consumption of mobile phones is increasing day by day and the replacement speed is also accelerating. Thus, a lot of old mobile phones and their parts need to be processed. Mobile phones contain more than 40 elements and/or materials. This experimental study aims to establish the possibilities of recovering valuable metals from waste mobile phones by using acidic leaching. The process steps include dismantling of waste mobile phones, pre-processing to liberate the materials, and directing them to final treatment processes. Prior to leaching tests, the PCBs of waste mobile phone sample are chemically analyzed and its metal contents are found as 33.22% Cu, 9.42% Fe, 1.86% Zn, 2.77% Ni, 1.63% Al, 0.4% Pb, 0.02% Co, 0.14% Ag, and 251.2 ppm Au. In the leaching experiments, sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are used. In the sulfuric acid leaching experiments, effects of acid concentration, temperature, hydrogen peroxide addition, and leaching periods on metal dissolution efficiencies are investigated. Results are compared and discussed in relation to the types of acids. XRD analyses of feed material and leach residues are also carried out. As a result of this experimental study, 97.9% Fe leaching in 8 M H2SO4 solutions, 89% Pb, 100% Ni, 90.4% Co, and 4.1% Cu leaching in 1M HNO3 solutions, 100% Pb, and 100% Al leaching in 4 M HCl solutions in one hour are found. In conclusion, sequential leaching with different acids is recommended for the effective leaching of all metals.

Published in International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11
Page(s) 36-42
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Recycling, Waste Mobile Phones, Acidic Leaching

References
[1] Yuzhu Lu, 2020. Research on the Recycling Model of waste Mobile Phone Based on System Dynamics, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, ESAET 2020, IOP Publishing, 1549 (2020) 022141.
[2] Taher Ben Yahya, Noriza Mohd Jamal, Balan Sundarakani and Siti Zaleha Omain, 2021. Factors Affecting Mobile Waste Recycling through RSCM: A Literature Review, Recycling, 6, 30. (19 pages).
[3] Tan, Q., Dong, Q., Liu, L., Song, Q., Liang, Y., Li, J., 2017. Potential recycling availability and capacity assessment on typical metals in waste mobile phones: A current research study in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 148, 509-517.
[4] Christian, B., Roma nov, A., Romanova, I., Turbini, L. J., 2014. Elemental compositions of over 80 cell phones. J. Electron. Mater. 43 (11), 4199-4213.
[5] Md. Rubel Miah, Abu Md. Saifuddoha, Md. Shohel Parvez, Abdun Noor, Chandan Chakraborty, Taslima Tabassum, 2013. Recycling of Mobile Phone Waste, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013, 1813-1815.
[6] Fu Gu, Peter A. Summers, Philip Hall, 2019. Review- Recovering materials from waste mobile phones: Recent technological developments, Journal of Cleaner Production 237 (2019) 117657.
[7] Jing-ying, L., Xiu-li, X., Wen-quan, L., 2012. Thiourea leaching gold and silver from the printed circuit boards of waste mobile phones. Waste Management. 32, (6), 1209-1212.
[8] Okwu, P. I., Onyeje, I. N., 2014. Extraction of valuable substances from e-waste. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER). 3, (1), 299-304.
[9] Cui, J., Zhang, L., 2008. Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review. J. Hazard. Mater. 158 (2-3), 228-256.
[10] Abdelbasir, S. M., Hassan, S. S. M., Kamel, A. H., El-Nasr, R. S., 2018. Status of electronic waste recycling techniques: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 25 (17), 16533-16547.
[11] Wang, H., Zhang, S., Li, B., Pan, D., Wu, Y., Zuo, T., 2017. Recovery of waste printed circuit boards through pyrometallurgical processing: a review. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 126, 209-218.
[12] Welfens, M. J., Nordmann, J., Seib, A., 2016. Drivers and barriers to return and recycling of mobile phones: case studies of communication and collection campaigns. J. Clean. Prod. 132, 108-121.
[13] Deveci, H., Yazıcı, E. Y., Aydın, U., Yazıcı, R., Akcil, A., 2010. Extraction of copper from Scrap TV boards by sulphuric acid leaching under oxidizing conditions. In: Proceedings of Going Green-CARE INNOVATION 2010 Conference, 8–11 November, Vienna, Austria, p. 45.
[14] Oh, C. J., Lee, S. O., Yang, H. S., Ha, T. J., Kim, M. J., 2003. Selective leaching of valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards. Air & Waste Management Association 53, 897–902.
[15] Quinet, P., Proost, J., Van Lierde, A., 2005. Recovery of precious metals from electronic scrap by hydrometallurgical processing routes. Minerals Metallurgical Process 22, 17–22.
[16] Brandl, H., Bosshard, R., Wegmann, M., 2001. Computer-munching microbes: metal leaching from electronic scrap by bacteria and fungi. Hydrometallurgy 59, 319– 326.
[17] Yang, T., Xu, Z., Wen, J., Yang, L., 2009. Factors influencing bioleaching copper from waste printed circuit boards by Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans. Hydrometallurgy 97, 29–32.
[18] Mecucci, A., Scott, K., 2002. Leaching and electrochemical recovery of copper, lead and tin from scrap printed circuit boards. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 77, 449–457.
[19] Castro, L. A., Martins, A. H., 2009. Recovery of tin and copper by recycling of printed circuit boards from obsolete computers. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 26 (4), 649–657.
[20] Madenoglu, H., 2005. Recovery of Some Metals from Electronic Scrap. Ege University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Masters Thesis, 138 pp.
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  • APA Style

    Fatma Arslan, Kudret Tahsin Perek, Cuneyt Arslan, Ilyas Emir Cuhadar, Armagan Altun. (2022). Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones. International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 7(2), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11

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    ACS Style

    Fatma Arslan; Kudret Tahsin Perek; Cuneyt Arslan; Ilyas Emir Cuhadar; Armagan Altun. Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones. Int. J. Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 2022, 7(2), 36-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11

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    AMA Style

    Fatma Arslan, Kudret Tahsin Perek, Cuneyt Arslan, Ilyas Emir Cuhadar, Armagan Altun. Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones. Int J Miner Process Extr Metall. 2022;7(2):36-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11,
      author = {Fatma Arslan and Kudret Tahsin Perek and Cuneyt Arslan and Ilyas Emir Cuhadar and Armagan Altun},
      title = {Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones},
      journal = {International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {36-42},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmpem.20220702.11},
      abstract = {The consumption of mobile phones is increasing day by day and the replacement speed is also accelerating. Thus, a lot of old mobile phones and their parts need to be processed. Mobile phones contain more than 40 elements and/or materials. This experimental study aims to establish the possibilities of recovering valuable metals from waste mobile phones by using acidic leaching. The process steps include dismantling of waste mobile phones, pre-processing to liberate the materials, and directing them to final treatment processes. Prior to leaching tests, the PCBs of waste mobile phone sample are chemically analyzed and its metal contents are found as 33.22% Cu, 9.42% Fe, 1.86% Zn, 2.77% Ni, 1.63% Al, 0.4% Pb, 0.02% Co, 0.14% Ag, and 251.2 ppm Au. In the leaching experiments, sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are used. In the sulfuric acid leaching experiments, effects of acid concentration, temperature, hydrogen peroxide addition, and leaching periods on metal dissolution efficiencies are investigated. Results are compared and discussed in relation to the types of acids. XRD analyses of feed material and leach residues are also carried out. As a result of this experimental study, 97.9% Fe leaching in 8 M H2SO4 solutions, 89% Pb, 100% Ni, 90.4% Co, and 4.1% Cu leaching in 1M HNO3 solutions, 100% Pb, and 100% Al leaching in 4 M HCl solutions in one hour are found. In conclusion, sequential leaching with different acids is recommended for the effective leaching of all metals.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Studies on Acidic Leaching of Waste Mobile Phones
    AU  - Fatma Arslan
    AU  - Kudret Tahsin Perek
    AU  - Cuneyt Arslan
    AU  - Ilyas Emir Cuhadar
    AU  - Armagan Altun
    Y1  - 2022/04/14
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11
    T2  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
    JF  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
    JO  - International Journal of Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
    SP  - 36
    EP  - 42
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1859
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20220702.11
    AB  - The consumption of mobile phones is increasing day by day and the replacement speed is also accelerating. Thus, a lot of old mobile phones and their parts need to be processed. Mobile phones contain more than 40 elements and/or materials. This experimental study aims to establish the possibilities of recovering valuable metals from waste mobile phones by using acidic leaching. The process steps include dismantling of waste mobile phones, pre-processing to liberate the materials, and directing them to final treatment processes. Prior to leaching tests, the PCBs of waste mobile phone sample are chemically analyzed and its metal contents are found as 33.22% Cu, 9.42% Fe, 1.86% Zn, 2.77% Ni, 1.63% Al, 0.4% Pb, 0.02% Co, 0.14% Ag, and 251.2 ppm Au. In the leaching experiments, sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids are used. In the sulfuric acid leaching experiments, effects of acid concentration, temperature, hydrogen peroxide addition, and leaching periods on metal dissolution efficiencies are investigated. Results are compared and discussed in relation to the types of acids. XRD analyses of feed material and leach residues are also carried out. As a result of this experimental study, 97.9% Fe leaching in 8 M H2SO4 solutions, 89% Pb, 100% Ni, 90.4% Co, and 4.1% Cu leaching in 1M HNO3 solutions, 100% Pb, and 100% Al leaching in 4 M HCl solutions in one hour are found. In conclusion, sequential leaching with different acids is recommended for the effective leaching of all metals.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Mineral Processing Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Mineral Processing Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Mineral Processing Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

  • Mineral Processing Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

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