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Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report

Received: 13 January 2020     Accepted: 27 January 2020     Published: 12 February 2020
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Abstract

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and about 36.7 million people are infected with HIV, however little is known about the prevalence of co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnancy. We report co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnant women in Mali. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii anti- IgG, IgM and HIV Combi PT serology were performed in sera from pregnant women using the Elecsys system. The HIV genotyping was performed using the Tri-DOT technique. Results: One pregnant woman out of 247 screened was anti-Toxoplasma IgM positive and HIV type I positive. An anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM positive reading is an indication of an acute/current infection. Conclusion: This suggests there is active toxoplasmosis transmission and therefore a possible risk for congenital infections in Bamako. HIV infection being endemic in Mali may accentuate toxoplasmosis pathology in this region. Toxoplasmosis surveillance and awareness are therefore necessary in Bamako to stem the scourge of this neglected infection.

Published in International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11
Page(s) 1-3
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Toxoplasma gondii, HIV, Pregnant Women, IgM Serology

References
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[4] https://www.cdc.gov/, “Opportunistic Infections | Living with HIV | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC,” Opportunistic Infections, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html. [Accessed: 03-Jan-2020].
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[7] A. Trundley and A. Moffett, “Human uterine leukocytes and pregnancy,” Tissue Antigens. 2004.
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[9] M. C. Sirin et al., “Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women and the importance of avidity assays,” Saudi Med. J., vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 727–732, 2017.
[10] Z. D. Wang et al., “Prevalence and burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected people: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Lancet HIV, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. e177–e188, Apr. 2017.
[11] M. Rouatbi et al., “Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in North Africa: A review,” Parasite, vol. 26, no. 2019. 2019.
[12] A. Rostami et al., “Acute Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.,” PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., vol. 13, no. 10, p. e0007807, Oct. 2019.
[13] A. R. Prusa, M. Hayde, L. Unterasinger, A. Pollak, K. R. Herkner, and D. C. Kasper, “Evaluation of the Roche Elecsys Toxo IgG and IgM electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the detection of gestational Toxoplasma infection,” Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2010.
[14] F. Leslé, F. Touafek, A. Fekkar, D. Mazier, and L. Paris, “Discrepancies between a new highly sensitive Toxoplasma gondii ELISA assay and other reagents: Interest of Toxo IgG Western blot,” Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2011.
[15] J. Van Helden, “Performance of Elecsys® Toxo IgG and IgM immunoassays,” Clin. Lab., 2009.
[16] P. Sharma and K. Khuc, “Summary Basis for Regulatory Action Template I concur with the summary review. □ I concur with the summary review and include a separate review to add further analysis. □ I do not co review. ncur with the summary review and include a separate,” Rev. Off. Signatory Auth., 2018.
[17] G. Gebremicael et al., “The performance of BD FACSPrestoTM for CD4 T-cell count, CD4% and hemoglobin concentration test in Ethiopia,” PLoS One, 2017.
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    Mazo Koné, Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode. (2020). Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 5(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11

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    ACS Style

    Mazo Koné; Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode. Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report. Int. J. Infect. Dis. Ther. 2020, 5(1), 1-3. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11

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    AMA Style

    Mazo Koné, Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode. Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report. Int J Infect Dis Ther. 2020;5(1):1-3. doi: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11,
      author = {Mazo Koné and Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode},
      title = {Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report},
      journal = {International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-3},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijidt.20200501.11},
      abstract = {Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and about 36.7 million people are infected with HIV, however little is known about the prevalence of co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnancy. We report co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnant women in Mali. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii anti- IgG, IgM and HIV Combi PT serology were performed in sera from pregnant women using the Elecsys system. The HIV genotyping was performed using the Tri-DOT technique. Results: One pregnant woman out of 247 screened was anti-Toxoplasma IgM positive and HIV type I positive. An anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM positive reading is an indication of an acute/current infection. Conclusion: This suggests there is active toxoplasmosis transmission and therefore a possible risk for congenital infections in Bamako. HIV infection being endemic in Mali may accentuate toxoplasmosis pathology in this region. Toxoplasmosis surveillance and awareness are therefore necessary in Bamako to stem the scourge of this neglected infection.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV Infections in Pregnancy in Bamako - A Case Report
    AU  - Mazo Koné
    AU  - Henrietta Oluwatoyin Awobode
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11
    T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JF  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    JO  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 3
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-966X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20200501.11
    AB  - Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections cause serious complications in HIV-infected pregnant women, leading to miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects such as mental retardation, blindness, epilepsy, and could favour or enhance the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Worldwide, 30% of the population have antibodies to the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and about 36.7 million people are infected with HIV, however little is known about the prevalence of co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnancy. We report co-infection of Toxoplasma gondii and HIV in pregnant women in Mali. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii anti- IgG, IgM and HIV Combi PT serology were performed in sera from pregnant women using the Elecsys system. The HIV genotyping was performed using the Tri-DOT technique. Results: One pregnant woman out of 247 screened was anti-Toxoplasma IgM positive and HIV type I positive. An anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM positive reading is an indication of an acute/current infection. Conclusion: This suggests there is active toxoplasmosis transmission and therefore a possible risk for congenital infections in Bamako. HIV infection being endemic in Mali may accentuate toxoplasmosis pathology in this region. Toxoplasmosis surveillance and awareness are therefore necessary in Bamako to stem the scourge of this neglected infection.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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