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Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals

Received: 22 June 2016     Accepted: 25 June 2016     Published: 24 August 2016
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Abstract

The difficulty for a sealing element to create and maintain a leak-free joint is determined by its sealing difficulty factor m1, m1 = elastic modulus Ec of its sealing contact layer/elastic modulus Es of its sealing contact layer substrate. Therefore, theoretically the contact layer of a sealing element shall be soft & inelastic and assembled up to its fully yielded deformation to provide a contact layer with a lower value of active elastic modulus Ec, and the contact layer substrate shall be strong & elastic and assembled up to its fully elastic deformation to provide a contact layer substrate with a higher value of active elastic modulus Es. It is the most difficult for a rubber sealing element to create a leak-free joint because its EcEs, and it is far easier for a metal sealing element than for a rubber sealing element because the metal sealing element can be designed and coated to ensure that assembling can cause its Ec < Es.

Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 5, Issue 4-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Xu’s Sealing and Flowing Theories of Fluids

DOI 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16
Page(s) 43-58
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Seal, Categorization of seals, Circle-based system of O-ring seals, Minimum necessary sealing stress y, Sealing difficulty factor m1, Leak-free maintenance factor m2, Self-sealing mechanism for material (Mechanism of self-sealing Poisson's deformation caused by fluid pressure), Self-sealing mechanism for O-rings (Mechanism of self-sealing deformation caused by fluid seepage)

References
[1] ISO 3601:2008 Fluid Power Systems - O-Rings - Part 2: Housing Dimensions for General Applications
[2] XU Changxiang. XU's Designs and Parameters for Sealing Elements [J]. Petro-Chemical Equipment, 2013, 42(3): 58-63.
[3] The Presidential Commission. The Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident [R]. USA Washington, 1986-06-06. (history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/genindex.htm)
[4] Parker Hannifin Corporation. Parker O-Ring Handbook ORD 5700 (Fig.3-8 O-Ring Leak Rate, 3-19) [Z]. Cleveland USA, 2007. (www.parker.com/literature/ORD%205700%20Parker_O-Ring_Handbook.pdf)
[5] He Manjun, Zhang Hongdong, Chen Weixiao etc. Polymer Physics (Version 3) [M]. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2006: 106~107.
[6] Jin Wang etc. Observing a True Liquid Behavior on Polymer Thin Film Surfaces. [R] Argonne National Laboratory Reports. Argonne USA, 1999. (www.aps.anl.gov/Science/Reports/1999/wangj4.pdf)
[7] Mechanics of Materials Laboratory. Chapter 8 Time Dependant Behavior: Creep, ME 354 [M]. USA: the University of Washington, 2007. (courses.washington.edu/me354a/chap8.pdf)
[8] R. S. Lakes. On Poisson's Ratio in Linearly Viscoelastic Solids [J]. J Elasticity, 2006, 85: 45–63. (silver.neep.wisc.edu/~lakes/VEPoisson.pdf)
[9] Polymer Science Learning Center. Rubber and Rubberiness, Level three, the Macrogalleria of Polymers and Polymer Science [Z]. USA: the University of Southern Mississippi, 2005. (www.pslc.ws/macrog/level3.htm)
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Xu Changxiang. (2016). Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 5(4-1), 43-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16

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    ACS Style

    Xu Changxiang. Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2016, 5(4-1), 43-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16

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    AMA Style

    Xu Changxiang. Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2016;5(4-1):43-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16,
      author = {Xu Changxiang},
      title = {Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals},
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4-1},
      pages = {43-58},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16},
      abstract = {The difficulty for a sealing element to create and maintain a leak-free joint is determined by its sealing difficulty factor m1, m1 = elastic modulus Ec of its sealing contact layer/elastic modulus Es of its sealing contact layer substrate. Therefore, theoretically the contact layer of a sealing element shall be soft & inelastic and assembled up to its fully yielded deformation to provide a contact layer with a lower value of active elastic modulus Ec, and the contact layer substrate shall be strong & elastic and assembled up to its fully elastic deformation to provide a contact layer substrate with a higher value of active elastic modulus Es. It is the most difficult for a rubber sealing element to create a leak-free joint because its Ec ≡Es, and it is far easier for a metal sealing element than for a rubber sealing element because the metal sealing element can be designed and coated to ensure that assembling can cause its Ec Es.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Xu's Sealing Theory and Rectangular & O-Shaped Ring Seals
    AU  - Xu Changxiang
    Y1  - 2016/08/24
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16
    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
    SP  - 43
    EP  - 58
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-960X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.s.2016050401.16
    AB  - The difficulty for a sealing element to create and maintain a leak-free joint is determined by its sealing difficulty factor m1, m1 = elastic modulus Ec of its sealing contact layer/elastic modulus Es of its sealing contact layer substrate. Therefore, theoretically the contact layer of a sealing element shall be soft & inelastic and assembled up to its fully yielded deformation to provide a contact layer with a lower value of active elastic modulus Ec, and the contact layer substrate shall be strong & elastic and assembled up to its fully elastic deformation to provide a contact layer substrate with a higher value of active elastic modulus Es. It is the most difficult for a rubber sealing element to create a leak-free joint because its Ec ≡Es, and it is far easier for a metal sealing element than for a rubber sealing element because the metal sealing element can be designed and coated to ensure that assembling can cause its Ec Es.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Zhejiang China Valve Co. Ltd., Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325024, China

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