Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation

Ryszard Petela

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

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Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation

Ryszard Petela^*

Published in International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 6)

Received: 31 October 2024 Accepted: 14 November 2024 Published: 29 November 2024

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Abstract

Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.

Published in	International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering (Volume 13, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
Page(s)	97-107
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Thermal Radiation, Concentration of Solar Radiation, Concentration Ratio, Temperature Concentration Limit, Band Diagram of Concentration Process, Irreversibility of Radiation Concentration, Energetic Efficiency of Concentration, Exergetic Efficiency of Concentration

References

[1]	Petela, R. (2021) Exergy of Solar Radiation. Solar Co-Generation of Electricity and Water, Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems. In: UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee, Eds., Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), EOLSS Publishers, 28 p. https://www.eolss.net
[2]	Petela, R. (2021) Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes. Solar Co-generation of Electricity and Water, Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems. In: UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee, Eds., Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), EOLSS Publishers, 41 p. http://www.eolss.net
[3]	Petela, R. (2010) Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation, for Solar Power Utilization. McGraw Hill.
[4]	Petela, R. (2024) New Insight to the Surface Temperature of the Sun. Energy and Power Engineering, 16, 285-292. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2024.168013
[5]	Petela, R. (2010) Radiation Spectra of Surface. International Journal of Exergy, 7, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2010.029617
[6]	Kondratyev, K. Y. (1954) Radiation Energy of the Sun. Gidrometeoizdat.
[7]	Morningstar, W. (2017) The Physics of Solar Concentration. http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2016/ph240/morningstar1/
[8]	Karathanasis, S. (2019). Concentration of Solar Radiation. In: Linear Fresnel Reflector Systems for Solar Radiation Concentration. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05279-9_1
[9]	Lovegrove, K. and Pye, J. (2021) Chapter 2 – Fundamental principles of concentrating solar power systems. Concentrating Solar Power Technology (Second Edition). Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, pp 19-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819970-1.00013-X
[10]	Ya-Ling He et al. (2020) Perspective of concentrating solar power. Energy 198. Page 117373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.117373
[11]	O. Roxana, I. Marcel and M. Dragos, (2018) Efficiency Analysis of Solar Radiation Concentration Technique for a Low Concentration Photovoltaic System," 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE), Iasi, Romania, pp. 0589-0593, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPE.2018.8559834
[12]	Gao, Z. Abbasian J. and Arastoopour H. (2021) Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Concentrated Solar Energy Storage in a Packed Bed of Silicon Carbide Particles. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 45, 16498–16508. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03382
[13]	Romero, M., Steinfeld, A. (2012) Concentrating solar thermal power and thermochemical fuels. Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 9234-9245. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/ee/c2ee21275g
[14]	Paizullahanov, M. S. et al. (2020) Interaction of Concentrated Solar Radiation with Materials. J NanoSci Res Rep, Volume 2(4), 2-3, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348233212_Interaction_of_Concentrated_Solar_Radiation_with_Materials
[15]	Simbolotti, G. (Edit.) (2013) Concentrating Solar Power. IEA-ETSAP and IRENA© Technology Brief E10. 30 p. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2013/IRENA-ETSAP-Tech-Brief-E10-Concentrating-Solar-Power.pdf
[16]	Petela R. (1983) Przeplyw Ciepla. PWN, Warsaw.
[17]	Introduction to Solar Radiation. Newport Corporation. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013.

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APA Style

Petela, R. (2024). Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 13(6), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

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ACS Style

Petela, R. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2024, 13(6), 97-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

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AMA Style

Petela R. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2024;13(6):97-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12,
  author = {Ryszard Petela},
  title = {Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation
},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {97-107},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  abstract = {Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation

AU  - Ryszard Petela
Y1  - 2024/11/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 97
EP  - 107
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
AB  - Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.

VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Ryszard Petela

Independent Scientist, Calgary, Canada

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4077-820X

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APA Style

Petela, R. (2024). Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 13(6), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Petela, R. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. Int. J. Energy Power Eng. 2024, 13(6), 97-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Petela R. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation. Int J Energy Power Eng. 2024;13(6):97-107. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12,
  author = {Ryszard Petela},
  title = {Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation
},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering},
  volume = {13},
  number = {6},
  pages = {97-107},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepe.20241305.12},
  abstract = {Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Thermodynamic Analysis of the Concentration Process of Solar Radiation

AU  - Ryszard Petela
Y1  - 2024/11/29
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering
SP  - 97
EP  - 107
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-960X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepe.20241305.12
AB  - Extremely rarefied but high-temperature solar radiation energy is nowadays commonly concentrated to produce a high-temperature heat source. The article is a contribution to theoretical considerations on the process of concentration of solar radiation. The process of concentration of extraterrestrial solar radiation was subjected to thermodynamic analysis and the energetic, entropic and exergetic points of view were taken into account. An imaginary model of concentration was defined, which allowed the development of thermodynamic analyses of the concentration process. In the model, concentrated solar radiation irradiates the absorbing surface, the temperature of which is controlled by the intensity of cooling. The newly revealed values of temperature (7134 K) of the Sun's surface and its energetic and exergetic emissivity (0.431 and 0426, respectively) were used in the analyses. With the use of model equations, the relationship between the ratio of radiation concentration, temperature and emissivity of the absorption surface, cooling intensity, absorbed heat, ambient temperature, and energy and exergetic efficiency of the concentration process was determined. Entropy analysis confirmed that the concentration limit temperature is equal to the temperature of the Sun's surface. Examples of energy and exergetic balances of the concentration process, illustrated by band diagrams, showed the percentage share of energy and exergy fluxes. In contrast to the energy balance showing no energy loss, the exergy balance showed a significantly large loss of exergy due to the irreversibility of the process. The components of this irreversibility have been identified, which are the absorption of solar radiation and the much lower irreversibility of the emission of the heated surface.

VL  - 13
IS  - 6
ER  -

Copy | Download