Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia<br />
<div>
	<br />
</div>

Diana Shintawati Purwanto; Sylvia Ritta Marunduh; Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Research Article |

| Peer-Reviewed

Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 16 September 2023 Accepted: 9 October 2023 Published: 28 October 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

C-reactive protein is a non-specific acute phase reactant produced by the liver and endothelial cells. Inflammation or acute infections cause a rise in C-reactive protein, which can be measured to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hs-CRP test can detect CRP at lower concentrations because it is more sensitive, making it more effective than conventional CRP testing methods. This study aimed determine the relationship between hs-CRP levels and fasting blood glucose, and to examine whether there were differences in hs-CRP levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension, in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 123 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were tested for blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels. The correlation between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose had a correlation coefficient (r) 0.404 and p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The average hs-CRP level in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension was 148.8 ± 24.9 mg/dL and 55.1 ± 54.0 mg/dL without hypertension. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension also had greater hs-CRP levels than those without hypertension. This suggests that hs-CRP can be used to evaluate a diabetic patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.

Published in	International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
Page(s)	50-53
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose, hs-CRP

References

[1]	Young EE, Okafor CN, Okwara CC. Diabetes mellitus, associated co-morbidities and complications - A review. Int Res J Med Med Sci. 2016; 07 (03): 47-55. doi: 10.14303/jmms.2016.302.
[2]	Purwanto DS, Mewo YM, Jim EL, Laloan RJ, Raranta HPT, Kepel BJ. Electrolyte levels analysis on diabetes mellitus patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. IJDE. 2020; 5 (4): 54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20200504.11.
[3]	Pamungkas RA, Chamroonsawasdi K. Family functional-based coaching program on healthy behavior for glycemic control among Indonesian communities: A quasi-experimental study. Oman Med J. 2020; 35 (5): e173-e173. doi: 10.5001/omj.2020.115.
[4]	Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.
[5]	Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Front Immunol. 2018; 9: 754. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754.
[6]	Banait T, Wanjari A, Danade V, Banait S, Jain J. Role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-crp) in non-communicable diseases: A review. Cureus. 2022; 14 (10): e30225. doi: 10.7759/cureus.30225.
[7]	Vinod AM, Ganesh A, Manikandan M, Rakchna M. Relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in South Indian population. Biomedicine. 2023; 43 (01): 310-316. doi: 10.51248/.v43i01.1537.
[8]	Kawamoto R, Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T, Kusunoki T, Takayama S, et al. Association between fasting plasma glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: gender differences in a Japanese community-dwelling population. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011; 10 (1): 51. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-10-51.
[9]	Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, et al. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21 (17): 6275. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176275.
[10]	Giacco F, Brownlee M. Oxidative stress and diabetic complications. Circ Res. 2010; 107 (9): 1058-1070. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223545.
[11]	Hadi HA, Suwaidi JA. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2007: 3 (6) 853–876.
[12]	Banerjee D, Winocour P, Chowdhury TA, De P, Wahba M, Montero R, et al. Management of hypertension and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in adults with diabetic kidney disease: Association of British Clinical Diabetologists and the Renal Association UK guideline update 2021. BMC Nephrol. 2022; 23 (1): 9. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02587-5.
[13]	Lastra G, Syed S, Kurukulasuriya LR, Manrique C, Sowers JR. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014; 43 (1): 103-122. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.09.005.
[14]	Ghule A, Kamble TK, Talwar D, Kumar S, Acharya S, et al. Association of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein with pre-diabetes in rural population: a two-year cross-sectional study. Cureus. 2021; 13 (10): e19088. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19088.
[15]	Shih YL, Lin Y, Chen JY. The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in an elderly population aged 50 and older in a community receiving primary health care in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19 (20): 13111. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013111.
[16]	Lima LM, Carvalho MDG, Soares AL, Sabino AP, Fernandes AP, Novelli BA, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or high blood pressure. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007; 51 (6): 956-960. doi: 10.1590/S0004-27302007000600010.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. (2023). Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 8(4), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto; Sylvia Ritta Marunduh; Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023, 8(4), 50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;8(4):50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12,
  author = {Diana Shintawati Purwanto and Sylvia Ritta Marunduh and Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis},
  title = {Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

	
},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {50-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20230804.12},
  abstract = {C-reactive protein is a non-specific acute phase reactant produced by the liver and endothelial cells. Inflammation or acute infections cause a rise in C-reactive protein, which can be measured to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hs-CRP test can detect CRP at lower concentrations because it is more sensitive, making it more effective than conventional CRP testing methods. This study aimed determine the relationship between hs-CRP levels and fasting blood glucose, and to examine whether there were differences in hs-CRP levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension, in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 123 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were tested for blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels. The correlation between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose had a correlation coefficient (r) 0.404 and p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The average hs-CRP level in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension was 148.8 ± 24.9 mg/dL and 55.1 ± 54.0 mg/dL without hypertension. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension also had greater hs-CRP levels than those without hypertension. This suggests that hs-CRP can be used to evaluate a diabetic patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

	

AU  - Diana Shintawati Purwanto
AU  - Sylvia Ritta Marunduh
AU  - Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis
Y1  - 2023/10/28
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1371
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
AB  - C-reactive protein is a non-specific acute phase reactant produced by the liver and endothelial cells. Inflammation or acute infections cause a rise in C-reactive protein, which can be measured to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hs-CRP test can detect CRP at lower concentrations because it is more sensitive, making it more effective than conventional CRP testing methods. This study aimed determine the relationship between hs-CRP levels and fasting blood glucose, and to examine whether there were differences in hs-CRP levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension, in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 123 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were tested for blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels. The correlation between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose had a correlation coefficient (r) 0.404 and p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The average hs-CRP level in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension was 148.8 ± 24.9 mg/dL and 55.1 ± 54.0 mg/dL without hypertension. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension also had greater hs-CRP levels than those without hypertension. This suggests that hs-CRP can be used to evaluate a diabetic patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.

VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Diana Shintawati Purwanto

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
Sylvia Ritta Marunduh

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. (2023). Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 8(4), 50-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto; Sylvia Ritta Marunduh; Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023, 8(4), 50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Sylvia Ritta Marunduh, Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis. Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia . Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;8(4):50-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12,
  author = {Diana Shintawati Purwanto and Sylvia Ritta Marunduh and Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis},
  title = {Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

	
},
  journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {50-53},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20230804.12},
  abstract = {C-reactive protein is a non-specific acute phase reactant produced by the liver and endothelial cells. Inflammation or acute infections cause a rise in C-reactive protein, which can be measured to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hs-CRP test can detect CRP at lower concentrations because it is more sensitive, making it more effective than conventional CRP testing methods. This study aimed determine the relationship between hs-CRP levels and fasting blood glucose, and to examine whether there were differences in hs-CRP levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension, in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 123 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were tested for blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels. The correlation between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose had a correlation coefficient (r) 0.404 and p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The average hs-CRP level in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension was 148.8 ± 24.9 mg/dL and 55.1 ± 54.0 mg/dL without hypertension. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension also had greater hs-CRP levels than those without hypertension. This suggests that hs-CRP can be used to evaluate a diabetic patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.
},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Analysis of C-reactive Protein as an Inflammation Biomarker in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

	

AU  - Diana Shintawati Purwanto
AU  - Sylvia Ritta Marunduh
AU  - Stefana Helena Margaretha Kaligis
Y1  - 2023/10/28
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1371
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20230804.12
AB  - C-reactive protein is a non-specific acute phase reactant produced by the liver and endothelial cells. Inflammation or acute infections cause a rise in C-reactive protein, which can be measured to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The hs-CRP test can detect CRP at lower concentrations because it is more sensitive, making it more effective than conventional CRP testing methods. This study aimed determine the relationship between hs-CRP levels and fasting blood glucose, and to examine whether there were differences in hs-CRP levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus with or without hypertension, in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 123 diabetes mellitus patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Subjects were tested for blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and hs-CRP levels. The correlation between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose had a correlation coefficient (r) 0.404 and p-value 0.000 (<0.05). The average hs-CRP level in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension was 148.8 ± 24.9 mg/dL and 55.1 ± 54.0 mg/dL without hypertension. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between hs-CRP and fasting blood glucose levels, and type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with hypertension also had greater hs-CRP levels than those without hypertension. This suggests that hs-CRP can be used to evaluate a diabetic patient's risk for cardiovascular disease.

VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download