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Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats

Received: 27 July 2021     Accepted: 9 August 2021     Published: 13 August 2021
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Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder. As an important signaling pathway in the inflammatory response, the JNK signaling pathway plays an crucial role in kidney injury in DKD. Vitamin D3 can reduce the inflammatory reaction and delay or even reverse DKD progression. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which vitamin D3 regulates DKD pathogenesis is unclear. This research established a DKD rat model and vitamin D3 and irbesartan were used as interventions. Then, urine and blood biochemistry; and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6), phosphorylated JNK pathway protein (MEK-4 and JNK1/2/3) and downstream factor (AP-1 and ATF-2) expression were assessed. We found that the DKD group showed body weight and insulin secretion were significantly decreased; significantly increased FPG, HOMA-IR and blood lipids; and significantly increased 24-h urinary protein (UPro) compared with normal group. Additionally, the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 and phosphorylated JNK pathway proteins were significantly elevated. These changes were improved by vitamin D3, especially at a low dosage. These results suggest that active vitamin D3 protects against DKD in rats by reducing IL-6 and IL-1 release, downregulating the JNK inflammatory signaling pathway, and inhibiting downstream transcription factor AP-1- and ATF-2-mediated kidney damage. This research provides a new theoretical support for vitamin D3 treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Published in International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13
Page(s) 105-113
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), Active Vitamin D3, IL-1, IL-6, JNK

References
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Cite This Article
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    Xiaoju Fan, Linlin Liu, Wenzhuo Zhu, Yumei Zhao, Haowei Zhang, et al. (2021). Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 6(3), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13

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    ACS Style

    Xiaoju Fan; Linlin Liu; Wenzhuo Zhu; Yumei Zhao; Haowei Zhang, et al. Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021, 6(3), 105-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13

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    AMA Style

    Xiaoju Fan, Linlin Liu, Wenzhuo Zhu, Yumei Zhao, Haowei Zhang, et al. Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;6(3):105-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13,
      author = {Xiaoju Fan and Linlin Liu and Wenzhuo Zhu and Yumei Zhao and Haowei Zhang and Yang Wu and Jia Fu and Hongmin Liang and Rui Han},
      title = {Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats},
      journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {105-113},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20210603.13},
      abstract = {Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder. As an important signaling pathway in the inflammatory response, the JNK signaling pathway plays an crucial role in kidney injury in DKD. Vitamin D3 can reduce the inflammatory reaction and delay or even reverse DKD progression. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which vitamin D3 regulates DKD pathogenesis is unclear. This research established a DKD rat model and vitamin D3 and irbesartan were used as interventions. Then, urine and blood biochemistry; and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6), phosphorylated JNK pathway protein (MEK-4 and JNK1/2/3) and downstream factor (AP-1 and ATF-2) expression were assessed. We found that the DKD group showed body weight and insulin secretion were significantly decreased; significantly increased FPG, HOMA-IR and blood lipids; and significantly increased 24-h urinary protein (UPro) compared with normal group. Additionally, the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 and phosphorylated JNK pathway proteins were significantly elevated. These changes were improved by vitamin D3, especially at a low dosage. These results suggest that active vitamin D3 protects against DKD in rats by reducing IL-6 and IL-1 release, downregulating the JNK inflammatory signaling pathway, and inhibiting downstream transcription factor AP-1- and ATF-2-mediated kidney damage. This research provides a new theoretical support for vitamin D3 treatment of diabetic nephropathy.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Active Vitamin D3 Protects Against Diabetic Kidney Disease by Regulating the JNK Signaling Pathway in Rats
    AU  - Xiaoju Fan
    AU  - Linlin Liu
    AU  - Wenzhuo Zhu
    AU  - Yumei Zhao
    AU  - Haowei Zhang
    AU  - Yang Wu
    AU  - Jia Fu
    AU  - Hongmin Liang
    AU  - Rui Han
    Y1  - 2021/08/13
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13
    T2  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JF  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    JO  - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology
    SP  - 105
    EP  - 113
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1371
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210603.13
    AB  - Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder. As an important signaling pathway in the inflammatory response, the JNK signaling pathway plays an crucial role in kidney injury in DKD. Vitamin D3 can reduce the inflammatory reaction and delay or even reverse DKD progression. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which vitamin D3 regulates DKD pathogenesis is unclear. This research established a DKD rat model and vitamin D3 and irbesartan were used as interventions. Then, urine and blood biochemistry; and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1 and IL-6), phosphorylated JNK pathway protein (MEK-4 and JNK1/2/3) and downstream factor (AP-1 and ATF-2) expression were assessed. We found that the DKD group showed body weight and insulin secretion were significantly decreased; significantly increased FPG, HOMA-IR and blood lipids; and significantly increased 24-h urinary protein (UPro) compared with normal group. Additionally, the levels of IL-1 and IL-6 and phosphorylated JNK pathway proteins were significantly elevated. These changes were improved by vitamin D3, especially at a low dosage. These results suggest that active vitamin D3 protects against DKD in rats by reducing IL-6 and IL-1 release, downregulating the JNK inflammatory signaling pathway, and inhibiting downstream transcription factor AP-1- and ATF-2-mediated kidney damage. This research provides a new theoretical support for vitamin D3 treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Endocrinology, The Second People’s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

  • Department of Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China

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