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Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon

Received: 28 November 2021     Accepted: 17 December 2021     Published: 29 December 2021
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Abstract

Background: Male infertility has diverse aetiologies and contribute to more than 50% of infertility, but workup required for the diagnosis are not always available in low-income settings. Methods: We aimed to describe clinical and paraclinical profile of male infertility in low- and middle-income setting. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in two urology referral hospitals, including consenting male partners of infertile couples. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (including semen analysis, ultrasound results and hormonal level) data were collected from patient’s records and interview. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described with corresponding statistics. Results: Overall 137 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 35.4±7.3 years. Erectile dysfunction (35%), and testicular pain (27.7%) were the most common symptoms. The most frequent abnormalities were asthenospermia, oligospermia, azoospermia and necrospermia found in 69.3%, 59.9%, 21.2% and 19.7% of subjects respectively. Normal value of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and prolactin values were found in more than half of participants on ultrasound analysis, varicocele was present in 58.9% of subjects and testicular hypotrophy in 45.8%. Conclusion: Seminal and ultrasound abnormalities are common in male with infertility in our context. Sexual Transmitting Infection and varicocele seems to be predominant aetiologies. Further research should be carried out to investigate on the different aetiologies of fertility in men for better management.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Urology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22
Page(s) 118-122
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Male Infertility, Paraclinical Profile, Cameroon

References
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[2] Sun H, Gong T-T, Jiang Y-T, et al (2019) Global, regional, and national prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years for infertility in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: results from a global burden of disease study, 2017. Aging (Albany NY) 11: 10952–10991. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102497.
[3] Mascarenhas MN, Flaxman SR, Boerma T, et al (2012) National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990: A Systematic Analysis of 277 Health Surveys. PLoS Med 9: e1001356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356.
[4] Irvine DS (1998) Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility. Hum Reprod 13 Suppl 1: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/13.suppl_1.33.
[5] Inhorn MC, Patrizio P (2015) Infertility around the globe: new thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century. Human Reproduction Update 21: 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv016.
[6] Leslie SW, Siref LE, Soon-Sutton TL, Khan MA (2021) Male Infertility. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL).
[7] Organisation WH (1999) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction. Cambridge University Press.
[8] Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, et al (2010) World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Human Reproduction Update 16: 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmp048.
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[10] Uadia PO, Emokpae AM (2015) Male infertility in Nigeria: A neglected reproductive health issue requiring attention. Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences 4: 45–53.
[11] Burger B, Weidner W, Altwein JE (1999) Prostate and Sexuality: An Overview. European Urology 35: 177–184. https://doi.org/10.1159/000019844.
[12] Niang L, Ndoye M, Labou I, et al (2009) Profil épidémiologique et clinique de l’infertilité masculine à l’hôpital général de Grand-Yoff, Sénégal: à propos de 492 cas. Basic Clin Androl 19: 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12610-009-0019-x.
[13] Leslie SW, Sajjad H, Siref LE (2021) Varicocele. StatPearls Publishing.
[14] Kirakoya B, Barnabé Z, Abdoul Karim P, et al (2015) Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of Male Hypofertility in Consultation at the Urology-Andrology of Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (Burkina Faso). ASM 05: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4236/asm.2015.51001.
[15] Pajovic B, Radojevic N, Vukovic M, Stjepcevic A (2013) Semen analysis before and after antibiotic treatment of asymptomatic chlamydia- and ureaplasma-related pyospermia. Andrologia 45: 266–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12004.
[16] Alam J, Choudhary P, Aslam M (2018) Prospective study to evaluate the risk factors associated with male infertility at tertiary care centre. Int Surg J 5: 2862. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20183205.
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  • APA Style

    Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle, Landry Oriole Mbouche, Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon, Edouard Herve Moby Mpah, Kelly Donfack, et al. (2021). Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 5(2), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22

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    ACS Style

    Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle; Landry Oriole Mbouche; Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon; Edouard Herve Moby Mpah; Kelly Donfack, et al. Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon. Int. J. Clin. Urol. 2021, 5(2), 118-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22

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    AMA Style

    Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle, Landry Oriole Mbouche, Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon, Edouard Herve Moby Mpah, Kelly Donfack, et al. Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon. Int J Clin Urol. 2021;5(2):118-122. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22,
      author = {Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle and Landry Oriole Mbouche and Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon and Edouard Herve Moby Mpah and Kelly Donfack and Guy Sadeu Wafeu and Charlotte Tchente Nguefack},
      title = {Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {118-122},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20210502.22},
      abstract = {Background: Male infertility has diverse aetiologies and contribute to more than 50% of infertility, but workup required for the diagnosis are not always available in low-income settings. Methods: We aimed to describe clinical and paraclinical profile of male infertility in low- and middle-income setting. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in two urology referral hospitals, including consenting male partners of infertile couples. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (including semen analysis, ultrasound results and hormonal level) data were collected from patient’s records and interview. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described with corresponding statistics. Results: Overall 137 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 35.4±7.3 years. Erectile dysfunction (35%), and testicular pain (27.7%) were the most common symptoms. The most frequent abnormalities were asthenospermia, oligospermia, azoospermia and necrospermia found in 69.3%, 59.9%, 21.2% and 19.7% of subjects respectively. Normal value of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and prolactin values were found in more than half of participants on ultrasound analysis, varicocele was present in 58.9% of subjects and testicular hypotrophy in 45.8%. Conclusion: Seminal and ultrasound abnormalities are common in male with infertility in our context. Sexual Transmitting Infection and varicocele seems to be predominant aetiologies. Further research should be carried out to investigate on the different aetiologies of fertility in men for better management.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Clinical and Paraclinical Profile of Male Infertility in Two Hospitals in Low - Income Setting, Cameroon
    AU  - Frantz Guy Epoupa Ngalle
    AU  - Landry Oriole Mbouche
    AU  - Axel Stephane Nwaha Makon
    AU  - Edouard Herve Moby Mpah
    AU  - Kelly Donfack
    AU  - Guy Sadeu Wafeu
    AU  - Charlotte Tchente Nguefack
    Y1  - 2021/12/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    SP  - 118
    EP  - 122
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1355
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210502.22
    AB  - Background: Male infertility has diverse aetiologies and contribute to more than 50% of infertility, but workup required for the diagnosis are not always available in low-income settings. Methods: We aimed to describe clinical and paraclinical profile of male infertility in low- and middle-income setting. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in two urology referral hospitals, including consenting male partners of infertile couples. Sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical (including semen analysis, ultrasound results and hormonal level) data were collected from patient’s records and interview. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described with corresponding statistics. Results: Overall 137 participants were included in this study with a mean age of 35.4±7.3 years. Erectile dysfunction (35%), and testicular pain (27.7%) were the most common symptoms. The most frequent abnormalities were asthenospermia, oligospermia, azoospermia and necrospermia found in 69.3%, 59.9%, 21.2% and 19.7% of subjects respectively. Normal value of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and prolactin values were found in more than half of participants on ultrasound analysis, varicocele was present in 58.9% of subjects and testicular hypotrophy in 45.8%. Conclusion: Seminal and ultrasound abnormalities are common in male with infertility in our context. Sexual Transmitting Infection and varicocele seems to be predominant aetiologies. Further research should be carried out to investigate on the different aetiologies of fertility in men for better management.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Surgery, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Surgery and Sub-specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Surgery and Sub-specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Surgery, Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Centre for Research on Filariasis and Other Tropical Diseases, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

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