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Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019

Received: 21 November 2020     Accepted: 9 December 2020     Published: 9 June 2021
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Abstract

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men, second only to lung cancer. Bone metastasis is a common complication in prostate cancer patients that can cause bone pain and pathological fracture. PSA, Gleasons score, clinical T stage have been developed to integrate multiple clinical metastatic disease in prostate cancer patients. Bone radiography is used to rule out bone metastasis. It’s common to have bone metastasis when PSA level is high and histology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Aim: To determine the prevalence of osteoblastic lesions and analyze the correlation of PSA levels, on lumbar sacral radiography in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted at KCMC urology institute from June 2108 to May 2019 and all prostate cancer patients diagnosed at KCMC during the study period both inpatients and outpatients attending urology department within the study period. The structural data sheet was used to collect information from patient file. Study parameters include Age, Gleason’s score, PSA level used to assess the correlation with osteoblastic lesion on lumbar sacral x-ray. Results: A total of 97 patients included in the study, with mean age was 74.5 (SD) 8.97.6 yrs. Patients with Gleason score of 8-10 were 56 (57.8%) and the median PSA level was 126ng/mL with IQR (58.9-402.2) and The prevalence of bone metastases was 57.7%. There were 56 (49.5%) patient had osteoblastic lesions on lumbar sacral x-ray with PSA >100. Conclusion: The prevalence of bone metastasis is 57.7% with 49.5% of the patients had total serum PSA of >100ng/ mL. So lumbar sacral X ray can be used as a diagnostic tool when PSA is more than 100ng/ml. There is a need to avoid unnecessary lumbar sacral X rays in patients with carcinoma of the prostate who have no symptoms and sign metastatic disease and has PSA of less than 100ng/ml.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Urology (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20
Page(s) 47-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bone Metastases, PSA, Prostate Cancer

References
[1] Abouassaly R, Thompson IM, Platz EA, Klein EA. Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention of Prostate Cancer [Internet]. Tenth Edit. Campbell-Walsh Urology. Elsevier Inc.; 2012. 2704-2725. e7 p. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781416069119000955.
[2] Logothetis CJ, Lin SH. Osteoblasts in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Nat Rev Cancer. 2005; 5 (1): 21–8.
[3] Metastasis B, Pai K, Salgaonkar G, Kudva R, Hegde P. Diagnostic Correlation between Serum PSA, Gleason Score and Bone Scan Results in Prostatic Cancer Patients with. 2015.
[4] Loeb S, Carter HB. Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging of Prostate Cancer [Internet]. Tenth Edit. Campbell-Walsh Urology. Elsevier Inc.; 2012. 2763-2770. e7 p. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781416069119000992.
[5] Ganeshan D, Aparicio AM, Morani A, Kundra V. Pattern and distribution of distant metastases in anaplastic prostate carcinoma: A single-institute experience with 101 patients. Am J Roentgenol. 2017; 209 (2): 327–32.
[6] Jones GW. Diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Cancer. 1983; 51 (12 S): 2456–9.
[7] Okuku F, Orem J, Holoya G, De Boer C, Thompson CL, Cooney MM. Prostate Cancer Burden at the Uganda Cancer Institute. J Glob Oncol. 2016; 2 (4): 181–5.
[8] Sanjaya IPG, Mochtar CA, Umbas R. Correlation between low Gleason score and prostate specific antigen levels with incidence of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients: when to omit bone scans? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev [Internet]. 2013; 14 (9): 4973–6. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175761.
[9] RANA A, KARAMANIS K, LUCAS MG, CHISHOLM GD. Identification of Metastatic Disease by T Category, Gleason Score and Serum PSA Level in Patients with Carcinoma of the Prostate. Br J Urol. 1992; 69 (3): 277–81.
[10] Wei RJ, Li TY, Yang XC, Jia N, Yang XL, Song HB. Serum levels of PSA, ALP, ICTP, and BSP in prostate cancer patients and the significance of ROC curve in the diagnosis of prostate cancer bone metastases. Genet Mol Res. 2016; 15 (2).
[11] Wymenga LFA, Boomsma JHB, Groenier K, Piers DA, Mensink HJA. Routine bone scans in patients with prostate cancer related to serum prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase. BJU Int. 2001; 88 (3): 226–30.
[12] Kamaleshwaran KK, Mittal BR, Balasubramanian CN. Predictive value of serum prostate specific antigen in detecting bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients using bone scintigraphy. 2012; 27 (2).
[13] PANTELIDES ML, BOWMAN SP, GEORGE NJR. Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen that Predict Skeletal Spread in Prostate Cancer. Br J Urol. 1992; 70 (3): 299–303.
[14] Wei LH, Chiu JS, Chang SY, Wang YF. Predicting Bone Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Patients: Value of Prostate Specific Antigen. Tzu Chi Med J [Internet]. 2008; 20 (4): 291–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1016-3190(08)60053-1.
[15] Jj H, Jj O, Le G. Correlation between increase in prostate-specific antigen and metastatic lesions identified by. 2016; 15 (2): 88–92.
Cite This Article
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    Samuel Kibona, Orgeness Mbwambo, Nicholaus Ngowi, Frank Bright, Jasper Mbwambo, et al. (2021). Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 5(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20

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    ACS Style

    Samuel Kibona; Orgeness Mbwambo; Nicholaus Ngowi; Frank Bright; Jasper Mbwambo, et al. Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019. Int. J. Clin. Urol. 2021, 5(1), 47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20

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    AMA Style

    Samuel Kibona, Orgeness Mbwambo, Nicholaus Ngowi, Frank Bright, Jasper Mbwambo, et al. Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019. Int J Clin Urol. 2021;5(1):47-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20,
      author = {Samuel Kibona and Orgeness Mbwambo and Nicholaus Ngowi and Frank Bright and Jasper Mbwambo and Alfred Mteta and Mbarouk Mohammed},
      title = {Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {47-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20210501.20},
      abstract = {Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men, second only to lung cancer. Bone metastasis is a common complication in prostate cancer patients that can cause bone pain and pathological fracture. PSA, Gleasons score, clinical T stage have been developed to integrate multiple clinical metastatic disease in prostate cancer patients. Bone radiography is used to rule out bone metastasis. It’s common to have bone metastasis when PSA level is high and histology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Aim: To determine the prevalence of osteoblastic lesions and analyze the correlation of PSA levels, on lumbar sacral radiography in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted at KCMC urology institute from June 2108 to May 2019 and all prostate cancer patients diagnosed at KCMC during the study period both inpatients and outpatients attending urology department within the study period. The structural data sheet was used to collect information from patient file. Study parameters include Age, Gleason’s score, PSA level used to assess the correlation with osteoblastic lesion on lumbar sacral x-ray. Results: A total of 97 patients included in the study, with mean age was 74.5 (SD) 8.97.6 yrs. Patients with Gleason score of 8-10 were 56 (57.8%) and the median PSA level was 126ng/mL with IQR (58.9-402.2) and The prevalence of bone metastases was 57.7%. There were 56 (49.5%) patient had osteoblastic lesions on lumbar sacral x-ray with PSA >100. Conclusion: The prevalence of bone metastasis is 57.7% with 49.5% of the patients had total serum PSA of >100ng/ mL. So lumbar sacral X ray can be used as a diagnostic tool when PSA is more than 100ng/ml. There is a need to avoid unnecessary lumbar sacral X rays in patients with carcinoma of the prostate who have no symptoms and sign metastatic disease and has PSA of less than 100ng/ml.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Correlation Between Bone Metastases and PSA Among Prostate Cancer Patients at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre from June 2018 to May 2019
    AU  - Samuel Kibona
    AU  - Orgeness Mbwambo
    AU  - Nicholaus Ngowi
    AU  - Frank Bright
    AU  - Jasper Mbwambo
    AU  - Alfred Mteta
    AU  - Mbarouk Mohammed
    Y1  - 2021/06/09
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    SP  - 47
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1355
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20210501.20
    AB  - Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men, second only to lung cancer. Bone metastasis is a common complication in prostate cancer patients that can cause bone pain and pathological fracture. PSA, Gleasons score, clinical T stage have been developed to integrate multiple clinical metastatic disease in prostate cancer patients. Bone radiography is used to rule out bone metastasis. It’s common to have bone metastasis when PSA level is high and histology of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Aim: To determine the prevalence of osteoblastic lesions and analyze the correlation of PSA levels, on lumbar sacral radiography in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted at KCMC urology institute from June 2108 to May 2019 and all prostate cancer patients diagnosed at KCMC during the study period both inpatients and outpatients attending urology department within the study period. The structural data sheet was used to collect information from patient file. Study parameters include Age, Gleason’s score, PSA level used to assess the correlation with osteoblastic lesion on lumbar sacral x-ray. Results: A total of 97 patients included in the study, with mean age was 74.5 (SD) 8.97.6 yrs. Patients with Gleason score of 8-10 were 56 (57.8%) and the median PSA level was 126ng/mL with IQR (58.9-402.2) and The prevalence of bone metastases was 57.7%. There were 56 (49.5%) patient had osteoblastic lesions on lumbar sacral x-ray with PSA >100. Conclusion: The prevalence of bone metastasis is 57.7% with 49.5% of the patients had total serum PSA of >100ng/ mL. So lumbar sacral X ray can be used as a diagnostic tool when PSA is more than 100ng/ml. There is a need to avoid unnecessary lumbar sacral X rays in patients with carcinoma of the prostate who have no symptoms and sign metastatic disease and has PSA of less than 100ng/ml.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

  • Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania

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