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Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management

Received: 11 August 2020     Accepted: 24 August 2020     Published: 16 September 2020
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Abstract

Chronic testicular pain affects a growing number of men worldwide. The approach to diagnosis and treatment is variable, resulting in treatment delays of reversible causes that may increase the probability of progression to chronic pain. A large proportion of men have no reversible cause identified and delayed recognition and management of this issue can cause significant morbidity. In this article, an approach to diagnosis and a review of treatment modalities available to manage chronic testicular pain is presented. Randomised control trials and current protocols for management were reviewed, in addition to case series and single-centre experiences of specialists with an interest in managing this condition. It is evident that chronic testicular pain should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach, to address the complex psychosocial elements often co-presenting with chronic pain. Various treatment options are available including medical therapy, non-invasive physiotherapy techniques and invasive surgical techniques. There is good evidence emerging for microsurgical techniques and nerve blocks. More research is required to determine the most effective duration and repetition of treatments. Chronic scrotal pain is physiologically related to other chronic pain syndromes and more research is required to determine the mechanisms behind this and potentially target chronic pain at a cellular level. In summary, chronic testicular pain affects a large number of men and further investigation into aetiology is important to direct treatment. A range of interventions are available -it is recommended that conservative treatments are trialed first in a multidisciplinary setting.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Urology (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17
Page(s) 64-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Testicular Pain, Pelvic Pain, Chronic Pain, Men

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Romy Mondschein, Paul Manohar, Scott Donnellan, Devanayagam Manohar. (2020). Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 4(2), 64-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17

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    ACS Style

    Romy Mondschein; Paul Manohar; Scott Donnellan; Devanayagam Manohar. Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management. Int. J. Clin. Urol. 2020, 4(2), 64-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17

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    AMA Style

    Romy Mondschein, Paul Manohar, Scott Donnellan, Devanayagam Manohar. Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management. Int J Clin Urol. 2020;4(2):64-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17,
      author = {Romy Mondschein and Paul Manohar and Scott Donnellan and Devanayagam Manohar},
      title = {Chronic Testicular Pain: A Review of Aetiology and Management},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {64-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20200402.17},
      abstract = {Chronic testicular pain affects a growing number of men worldwide. The approach to diagnosis and treatment is variable, resulting in treatment delays of reversible causes that may increase the probability of progression to chronic pain. A large proportion of men have no reversible cause identified and delayed recognition and management of this issue can cause significant morbidity. In this article, an approach to diagnosis and a review of treatment modalities available to manage chronic testicular pain is presented. Randomised control trials and current protocols for management were reviewed, in addition to case series and single-centre experiences of specialists with an interest in managing this condition. It is evident that chronic testicular pain should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach, to address the complex psychosocial elements often co-presenting with chronic pain. Various treatment options are available including medical therapy, non-invasive physiotherapy techniques and invasive surgical techniques. There is good evidence emerging for microsurgical techniques and nerve blocks. More research is required to determine the most effective duration and repetition of treatments. Chronic scrotal pain is physiologically related to other chronic pain syndromes and more research is required to determine the mechanisms behind this and potentially target chronic pain at a cellular level. In summary, chronic testicular pain affects a large number of men and further investigation into aetiology is important to direct treatment. A range of interventions are available -it is recommended that conservative treatments are trialed first in a multidisciplinary setting.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    AU  - Romy Mondschein
    AU  - Paul Manohar
    AU  - Scott Donnellan
    AU  - Devanayagam Manohar
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200402.17
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
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    AB  - Chronic testicular pain affects a growing number of men worldwide. The approach to diagnosis and treatment is variable, resulting in treatment delays of reversible causes that may increase the probability of progression to chronic pain. A large proportion of men have no reversible cause identified and delayed recognition and management of this issue can cause significant morbidity. In this article, an approach to diagnosis and a review of treatment modalities available to manage chronic testicular pain is presented. Randomised control trials and current protocols for management were reviewed, in addition to case series and single-centre experiences of specialists with an interest in managing this condition. It is evident that chronic testicular pain should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach, to address the complex psychosocial elements often co-presenting with chronic pain. Various treatment options are available including medical therapy, non-invasive physiotherapy techniques and invasive surgical techniques. There is good evidence emerging for microsurgical techniques and nerve blocks. More research is required to determine the most effective duration and repetition of treatments. Chronic scrotal pain is physiologically related to other chronic pain syndromes and more research is required to determine the mechanisms behind this and potentially target chronic pain at a cellular level. In summary, chronic testicular pain affects a large number of men and further investigation into aetiology is important to direct treatment. A range of interventions are available -it is recommended that conservative treatments are trialed first in a multidisciplinary setting.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Surgery, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia

  • Department of Surgery, Monash University, Victoria, Australia

  • Department of Surgery, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia

  • Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia

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