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Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria

Received: 4 November 2019     Accepted: 12 December 2019     Published: 7 January 2020
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Abstract

Urethral stones though rare manifestation of urolithiasis may be primary but mostly are secondary arising from either the urinary bladder or the upper tract. When impacted in the urethra may result in acute urinary retention and difficulty in urethral catheterization. Various treatment modalities are available ranging from initial suprapubic cystostomy and subsequent open surgical or endoscopic procedures as well as treatment of associated urethral pathology. We report our experience in the management of patients with acute urine retention due to impacted urethral calculi in a tertiary hospital. This was a retrospective review of forty patients with impacted urethral stones managed at the Urology Unit, Department of Surgery Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from January 2005 to December 2015. Data were collected from patients’ case notes and entered in to a proforma and analysed using SPSS 20.0 version for Windows. Forty patients comprising of one female (2.5%) and 39 males (97.5%), mean age was 25±17.4 years with a range of 1-63yrs. In twenty patients (50%), attempt at urethral catheterization was not successful. Location of the impacted calculi were meatal 7 (17.5%), distal penile 4 (10%), mid penile 8 (20%), proximal penile 1 (2.5%), bulbar 4 (10%), peno-bulbar junction 3 (7.5%), posterior urethra 11 (27.5%), and bladder neck 2 (5%). Spontaneous extrusion of the calculi occurred in 4 (10%), while expulsion occurred in 2 (5%) after intra-urethral instillation of 2% lidocaine jelly. Other treatment modalities in the remaining patients included; meatotomy 11 (27.5%), open urethrolithotomy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and stone retrieval 1 (2.5%), urethrolithotomy and urethroplasty 2 (5%), and cystolithotomy 8 (20%). Impacted urethral stone may be a cause of acute urinary retention and failed urethral catheterisation. The stone can pass spontaneously with or without manipulation or can be removed by endoscopic or open technique when spontaneous passage is not successful.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Urology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11
Page(s) 1-5
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Impacted Urethral Calculus, Acute Urine Retention, Failed Urethral Catheterization and Management

References
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    Ngwobia Peter Agwu, Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed, Abubakar Muhammadu Sadiq, Emmanuel Ugbede Oyibo, Ismaila Arzika Mungadi. (2020). Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Urology, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11

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    ACS Style

    Ngwobia Peter Agwu; Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed; Abubakar Muhammadu Sadiq; Emmanuel Ugbede Oyibo; Ismaila Arzika Mungadi. Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Urol. 2020, 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11

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    AMA Style

    Ngwobia Peter Agwu, Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed, Abubakar Muhammadu Sadiq, Emmanuel Ugbede Oyibo, Ismaila Arzika Mungadi. Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria. Int J Clin Urol. 2020;4(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11,
      author = {Ngwobia Peter Agwu and Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed and Abubakar Muhammadu Sadiq and Emmanuel Ugbede Oyibo and Ismaila Arzika Mungadi},
      title = {Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Urology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcu.20200401.11},
      abstract = {Urethral stones though rare manifestation of urolithiasis may be primary but mostly are secondary arising from either the urinary bladder or the upper tract. When impacted in the urethra may result in acute urinary retention and difficulty in urethral catheterization. Various treatment modalities are available ranging from initial suprapubic cystostomy and subsequent open surgical or endoscopic procedures as well as treatment of associated urethral pathology. We report our experience in the management of patients with acute urine retention due to impacted urethral calculi in a tertiary hospital. This was a retrospective review of forty patients with impacted urethral stones managed at the Urology Unit, Department of Surgery Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from January 2005 to December 2015. Data were collected from patients’ case notes and entered in to a proforma and analysed using SPSS 20.0 version for Windows. Forty patients comprising of one female (2.5%) and 39 males (97.5%), mean age was 25±17.4 years with a range of 1-63yrs. In twenty patients (50%), attempt at urethral catheterization was not successful. Location of the impacted calculi were meatal 7 (17.5%), distal penile 4 (10%), mid penile 8 (20%), proximal penile 1 (2.5%), bulbar 4 (10%), peno-bulbar junction 3 (7.5%), posterior urethra 11 (27.5%), and bladder neck 2 (5%). Spontaneous extrusion of the calculi occurred in 4 (10%), while expulsion occurred in 2 (5%) after intra-urethral instillation of 2% lidocaine jelly. Other treatment modalities in the remaining patients included; meatotomy 11 (27.5%), open urethrolithotomy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and stone retrieval 1 (2.5%), urethrolithotomy and urethroplasty 2 (5%), and cystolithotomy 8 (20%). Impacted urethral stone may be a cause of acute urinary retention and failed urethral catheterisation. The stone can pass spontaneously with or without manipulation or can be removed by endoscopic or open technique when spontaneous passage is not successful.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Management of Impacted Urethral Calculi: An Uncommon Cause of Acute Urine Retention in North-western Nigeria
    AU  - Ngwobia Peter Agwu
    AU  - Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed
    AU  - Abubakar Muhammadu Sadiq
    AU  - Emmanuel Ugbede Oyibo
    AU  - Ismaila Arzika Mungadi
    Y1  - 2020/01/07
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Urology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 5
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1355
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcu.20200401.11
    AB  - Urethral stones though rare manifestation of urolithiasis may be primary but mostly are secondary arising from either the urinary bladder or the upper tract. When impacted in the urethra may result in acute urinary retention and difficulty in urethral catheterization. Various treatment modalities are available ranging from initial suprapubic cystostomy and subsequent open surgical or endoscopic procedures as well as treatment of associated urethral pathology. We report our experience in the management of patients with acute urine retention due to impacted urethral calculi in a tertiary hospital. This was a retrospective review of forty patients with impacted urethral stones managed at the Urology Unit, Department of Surgery Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto from January 2005 to December 2015. Data were collected from patients’ case notes and entered in to a proforma and analysed using SPSS 20.0 version for Windows. Forty patients comprising of one female (2.5%) and 39 males (97.5%), mean age was 25±17.4 years with a range of 1-63yrs. In twenty patients (50%), attempt at urethral catheterization was not successful. Location of the impacted calculi were meatal 7 (17.5%), distal penile 4 (10%), mid penile 8 (20%), proximal penile 1 (2.5%), bulbar 4 (10%), peno-bulbar junction 3 (7.5%), posterior urethra 11 (27.5%), and bladder neck 2 (5%). Spontaneous extrusion of the calculi occurred in 4 (10%), while expulsion occurred in 2 (5%) after intra-urethral instillation of 2% lidocaine jelly. Other treatment modalities in the remaining patients included; meatotomy 11 (27.5%), open urethrolithotomy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and pneumatic lithotripsy 6 (15%), urethroscopy and stone retrieval 1 (2.5%), urethrolithotomy and urethroplasty 2 (5%), and cystolithotomy 8 (20%). Impacted urethral stone may be a cause of acute urinary retention and failed urethral catheterisation. The stone can pass spontaneously with or without manipulation or can be removed by endoscopic or open technique when spontaneous passage is not successful.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

  • Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

  • Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

  • Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

  • Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

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