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Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia

Received: 27 November 2022     Accepted: 14 December 2022     Published: 23 December 2022
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Abstract

Background: Recently, Le Cabec et al. (2021) contested the identification of Zilberman et al. (2004), of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) Type II/III in the Garba IVE Homo erectus child hemi-mandible and attributed the lack of contrast between enamel and dentin in this specimen to a unique form of diagenesis. Objectives: To assess the basis for their conclusions in view of the fact that the Le Cabec et al. (2021) study relates to a genetically and clinically distinct condition - Hypoplastic AI, and does not relate to the Type II/III AI syndrome th.at Zilberman et al. described. Method: The authors analyzed the Le Cabec et al. article and compared their findings with the radiological and clinical findings in Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III. Results: Le Cabec et al. (2021) presented detailed scans and synchotron study that replicate and support the findings of Zilberman et al. (2004); in showing lack of differentiation between enamel and dentin - typical of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III condition - together with excellent preservation of enamel micromorphology and clearly defined pulp chambers and pulp canals. Moreover, chemical corrosion results in loss of tissue whereas there is no evidence of this in Garba IVE. Conclusion: The authors contend that the findings in Le Cabec et al. (2021) are characteristic features of Type II/III AI as initially diagnosed by Zilberman et al. (2004), and best account for the similarity seen in radio-opacity of enamel and dentin.

Published in International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13
Page(s) 46-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fossil Teeth, Mineralization, Enamel Formation, Mutations, Dental Pathology, Diagenesis

References
[1] Witkop, C. J. Jr. Amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia revisited: problems in classification. J. Oral Pathol. 17, 547-53 (1988).
[2] El-Sayed, W. et al. Hypomaturation Amelogenesis Imperfecta due to WDR72 mutation: a novel mutation and ultrastructural analyses of deciduous teeth. Cells Tissues Organs. 85, 699-705 (2009).
[3] Simmer J. P., Papagerakis P., Smith C. E., et al. Regulation of dental enamel shape and hardness. J. Dent. Res. 89, 1024-1038 (2010). doi: 10.1177/0022034510375829.
[4] Zhang, C., Song, Y., Bian, Z. Ultrastructural analysis of the teeth affected by amelogenesis imperfecta resulting from FAM83H mutations and review of the literature. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. 119, e69-e76 (2015).
[5] Wang, S. K. et al. The enamel phenotype in homozygous Fam83h truncation mice. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 7, e724 (2019).
[6] Toupenay, S. Fournier, B., P., Manière, MC. et al. Amelogenesis imperfecta: therapeutic strategy from primary to permanent dentition across case reports. BMC Oral Health 18, 108 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-018-0554.
[7] Nikolopoulos G, Smith C. E. L., Poulter J. A., et al. Spectrum of pathogenic variants and founder effects in amelogenesis imperfecta associated with MMP20. Hum. Mutat. 42, 567-576 (2021). doi: 10.1002/humu.24187.
[8] Kim, Y., J. et al. Recesive mutations in ACP4 cause Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J. Dent. Res. 101, 37-45 (2022).
[9] Katsura, K. A. et al. WDR72 models of structure and function: a stage-specific regulator of enamel mineralization. Matrix. Biol. 38, 48-58 (2014).
[10] Zanolli, C. et al. Structural organization and tooth development in a Homo erectus juvenile mandible from the Early Pleistocene site of Garba IV at Melka Kunture, Ethiopian highlands. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 162, 533-549 (2017).
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[12] Morgan L. E., Renne P. R., Kieffer G., et al.. A chronological framework for a long and persistent archaeological record: Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. J. Hum. Evol. 62: 104–115 (2012). doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.10.007 PMID: 22176923.
[13] Zilberman, U. et al. Evidence of amelogenesis imperfecta in an early African Homo erectus. J. Hum. Evol. 46, 647-53 (2004).
[14] Trinkaus, E. An abundance of developmental anomalies and abnormalities in Pleistocene people. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 115, 11941 (2018).
[15] Le Cabec, A. et al. Insights into the palaeobiology of an early Homo infant: multidisciplinary investigation of the GAR IVE hemimandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Sci. Rep. 29, 11, 23087, doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02462-1 (2021).
[16] Husein, D., Alamoudi, A., Ohyama, Y. et al. Identification of the C-terminal region in Amelogenesis Imperfecta causative protein WDR72 required for Golgi localization. Sci Rep 12, 4640 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08719-7
[17] Bell, L. S., Boyde, A., & Jones, S. J. Diagenetic alteration to teeth in situ illustrated by backscattered electron imaging. Scanning 13, 173-183 (1991).
[18] Kendal, C. et al. Diagenesis of archeological bone and tooth. Palaeo. Palaeo. Palaeo. 491, 21-37 (2018).
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Uri Zilberman, Patricia Smith. (2022). Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. International Journal of Archaeology, 10(2), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13

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    ACS Style

    Uri Zilberman; Patricia Smith. Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Int. J. Archaeol. 2022, 10(2), 46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13

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    AMA Style

    Uri Zilberman, Patricia Smith. Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia. Int J Archaeol. 2022;10(2):46-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13,
      author = {Uri Zilberman and Patricia Smith},
      title = {Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {46-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20221002.13},
      abstract = {Background: Recently, Le Cabec et al. (2021) contested the identification of Zilberman et al. (2004), of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) Type II/III in the Garba IVE Homo erectus child hemi-mandible and attributed the lack of contrast between enamel and dentin in this specimen to a unique form of diagenesis. Objectives: To assess the basis for their conclusions in view of the fact that the Le Cabec et al. (2021) study relates to a genetically and clinically distinct condition - Hypoplastic AI, and does not relate to the Type II/III AI syndrome th.at Zilberman et al. described. Method: The authors analyzed the Le Cabec et al. article and compared their findings with the radiological and clinical findings in Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III. Results: Le Cabec et al. (2021) presented detailed scans and synchotron study that replicate and support the findings of Zilberman et al. (2004); in showing lack of differentiation between enamel and dentin - typical of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III condition - together with excellent preservation of enamel micromorphology and clearly defined pulp chambers and pulp canals. Moreover, chemical corrosion results in loss of tissue whereas there is no evidence of this in Garba IVE. Conclusion: The authors contend that the findings in Le Cabec et al. (2021) are characteristic features of Type II/III AI as initially diagnosed by Zilberman et al. (2004), and best account for the similarity seen in radio-opacity of enamel and dentin.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Pros and Cons of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the GARBA IV Hemi-Mandible, Melka Kunture, Ethiopia
    AU  - Uri Zilberman
    AU  - Patricia Smith
    Y1  - 2022/12/23
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13
    T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
    SP  - 46
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7595
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20221002.13
    AB  - Background: Recently, Le Cabec et al. (2021) contested the identification of Zilberman et al. (2004), of Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) Type II/III in the Garba IVE Homo erectus child hemi-mandible and attributed the lack of contrast between enamel and dentin in this specimen to a unique form of diagenesis. Objectives: To assess the basis for their conclusions in view of the fact that the Le Cabec et al. (2021) study relates to a genetically and clinically distinct condition - Hypoplastic AI, and does not relate to the Type II/III AI syndrome th.at Zilberman et al. described. Method: The authors analyzed the Le Cabec et al. article and compared their findings with the radiological and clinical findings in Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III. Results: Le Cabec et al. (2021) presented detailed scans and synchotron study that replicate and support the findings of Zilberman et al. (2004); in showing lack of differentiation between enamel and dentin - typical of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Type II/III condition - together with excellent preservation of enamel micromorphology and clearly defined pulp chambers and pulp canals. Moreover, chemical corrosion results in loss of tissue whereas there is no evidence of this in Garba IVE. Conclusion: The authors contend that the findings in Le Cabec et al. (2021) are characteristic features of Type II/III AI as initially diagnosed by Zilberman et al. (2004), and best account for the similarity seen in radio-opacity of enamel and dentin.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Pediatric Dental Clinic, Barzilai Medical University Center, Ashkelon, Israel

  • Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

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