Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 16 January 2018 Accepted: 11 February 2018 Published: 8 March 2018

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Abstract

Dump sites are naturally associated with foul odour which obviously is product of microbial activities. The bacterial agents responsible for this decomposition may be injurious to humans. In order to determine the genera of bacteria responsible, Petri dishes containing three different types of media, nutrient, MacConkey and blood agars were exposed for fifteen minutes, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Organisms that grew were analyzed to determine if they are pathogens. Five plates of each media were exposed, and the mean of the colony counts were expressed as colony forming units per millitre (cfu/ml). Three different dump sites were studied, namely school waste dump (SWD), Village waste dump (VWD) and Market waste dump (MWD). Results of Petri dish exposure for 15 mins showed mean cfu/ml of 300, 250 and 300 on nutrient agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. 100, 120 and 150 on MacConkey agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively then 20, 15 and 25 on blood agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. Cultural characteristics of the isolates revealed diverse shapes, margins, colours and sizes. Phenotypic characterization showed the Grain reaction, catalase, coagulase, motility, indole, oxidase tests, glucose fermentation, capsule and spore tests results of the isolates. Isolates were tentatively identified to be Listeria spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherischia spp, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Shigella spp and Micrococcus spp, by Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Virulence test by haemolysis assay showed both Streptococcus spp and Listeria spp to be α- haemolysis negative and β-haemolysis positive. Their zones of inhibition were 2-2.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm for Streptococcus spp, while Listeria spp was 1.5 mm. Capsule stain was positive for Streptococcus spp and Escherischia spp. Spore stain was positive only for Bacilluis spp. These finds show that pathogenic bacteria are associated with waste dumps and therefore can be injurious to public health.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11
Page(s)	41-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Waste Dumps, Public Health Implication, Pathogens

References

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[6]	Cogliati, S., Costa, J. G., Ayala, F. R., Donato, V., and Grau, R. (2016). Bacterial spore and its relatives as agents of mass destruction. Journal of bioterrorism and biodefence. 7:141. Doi: 10.4172/2157.1000141.
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[13]	Noble, R. C. and Vosti, K. L. (1971). Production of double zones of hemolysis by certain strains of hemolytic Streptococci of groups A, B, C and G on heart infusion agar. Journal of Applied Microbiology 22 (2): 171–176.
[14]	Obire, O., Nwaubeta, O. and Adue, S. B. N. (2002). Microbial community of a waste dump site Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management. 6 (1): 78-81.
[15]	Odeyemi, A. T. (2012). Antibiogram status of bacterial isolates from air around dump site of Ekiti State destitute centre at Ilokun, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology Research 2 (2): 12-18.
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APA Style

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. (2018). Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 4(2), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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ACS Style

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2018, 4(2), 41-44. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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AMA Style

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Front Environ Microbiol. 2018;4(2):41-44. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11,
  author = {Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima},
  title = {Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20180402.11},
  abstract = {Dump sites are naturally associated with foul odour which obviously is product of microbial activities. The bacterial agents responsible for this decomposition may be injurious to humans. In order to determine the genera of bacteria responsible, Petri dishes containing three different types of media, nutrient, MacConkey and blood agars were exposed for fifteen minutes, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Organisms that grew were analyzed to determine if they are pathogens. Five plates of each media were exposed, and the mean of the colony counts were expressed as colony forming units per millitre (cfu/ml). Three different dump sites were studied, namely school waste dump (SWD), Village waste dump (VWD) and Market waste dump (MWD). Results of Petri dish exposure for 15 mins showed mean cfu/ml of 300, 250 and 300 on nutrient agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. 100, 120 and 150 on MacConkey agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively then 20, 15 and 25 on blood agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. Cultural characteristics of the isolates revealed diverse shapes, margins, colours and sizes. Phenotypic characterization showed the Grain reaction, catalase, coagulase, motility, indole, oxidase tests, glucose fermentation, capsule and spore tests results of the isolates. Isolates were tentatively identified to be Listeria spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherischia spp, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Shigella spp and Micrococcus spp, by Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Virulence test by haemolysis assay showed both Streptococcus spp and Listeria spp to be α- haemolysis negative and β-haemolysis positive. Their zones of inhibition were 2-2.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm for Streptococcus spp, while Listeria spp was 1.5 mm. Capsule stain was positive for Streptococcus spp and Escherischia spp. Spore stain was positive only for Bacilluis spp. These finds show that pathogenic bacteria are associated with waste dumps and therefore can be injurious to public health.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment
AU - Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima
Y1 - 2018/03/08
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11
DO - 10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11
T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP - 41
EP - 44
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-8067
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11
AB - Dump sites are naturally associated with foul odour which obviously is product of microbial activities. The bacterial agents responsible for this decomposition may be injurious to humans. In order to determine the genera of bacteria responsible, Petri dishes containing three different types of media, nutrient, MacConkey and blood agars were exposed for fifteen minutes, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Organisms that grew were analyzed to determine if they are pathogens. Five plates of each media were exposed, and the mean of the colony counts were expressed as colony forming units per millitre (cfu/ml). Three different dump sites were studied, namely school waste dump (SWD), Village waste dump (VWD) and Market waste dump (MWD). Results of Petri dish exposure for 15 mins showed mean cfu/ml of 300, 250 and 300 on nutrient agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. 100, 120 and 150 on MacConkey agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively then 20, 15 and 25 on blood agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. Cultural characteristics of the isolates revealed diverse shapes, margins, colours and sizes. Phenotypic characterization showed the Grain reaction, catalase, coagulase, motility, indole, oxidase tests, glucose fermentation, capsule and spore tests results of the isolates. Isolates were tentatively identified to be Listeria spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherischia spp, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Shigella spp and Micrococcus spp, by Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Virulence test by haemolysis assay showed both Streptococcus spp and Listeria spp to be α- haemolysis negative and β-haemolysis positive. Their zones of inhibition were 2-2.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm for Streptococcus spp, while Listeria spp was 1.5 mm. Capsule stain was positive for Streptococcus spp and Escherischia spp. Spore stain was positive only for Bacilluis spp. These finds show that pathogenic bacteria are associated with waste dumps and therefore can be injurious to public health.
VL - 4
IS - 2
ER -

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Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima

Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria

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Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. (2018). Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 4(2), 41-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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ACS Style

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2018, 4(2), 41-44. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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AMA Style

Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima. Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment. Front Environ Microbiol. 2018;4(2):41-44. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11,
  author = {Mbachu Ifeoma Adaora Chima},
  title = {Public Health Implications of Waste Dump to Inhabitants in the Environment},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20180402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20180402.11},
  abstract = {Dump sites are naturally associated with foul odour which obviously is product of microbial activities. The bacterial agents responsible for this decomposition may be injurious to humans. In order to determine the genera of bacteria responsible, Petri dishes containing three different types of media, nutrient, MacConkey and blood agars were exposed for fifteen minutes, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Organisms that grew were analyzed to determine if they are pathogens. Five plates of each media were exposed, and the mean of the colony counts were expressed as colony forming units per millitre (cfu/ml). Three different dump sites were studied, namely school waste dump (SWD), Village waste dump (VWD) and Market waste dump (MWD). Results of Petri dish exposure for 15 mins showed mean cfu/ml of 300, 250 and 300 on nutrient agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. 100, 120 and 150 on MacConkey agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively then 20, 15 and 25 on blood agar for SWD, VWD and MWD respectively. Cultural characteristics of the isolates revealed diverse shapes, margins, colours and sizes. Phenotypic characterization showed the Grain reaction, catalase, coagulase, motility, indole, oxidase tests, glucose fermentation, capsule and spore tests results of the isolates. Isolates were tentatively identified to be Listeria spp, Streptococcus spp, Escherischia spp, Staphylococcus spp, Bacillus spp, Shigella spp and Micrococcus spp, by Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Virulence test by haemolysis assay showed both Streptococcus spp and Listeria spp to be α- haemolysis negative and β-haemolysis positive. Their zones of inhibition were 2-2.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm for Streptococcus spp, while Listeria spp was 1.5 mm. Capsule stain was positive for Streptococcus spp and Escherischia spp. Spore stain was positive only for Bacilluis spp. These finds show that pathogenic bacteria are associated with waste dumps and therefore can be injurious to public health.},
 year = {2018}
}

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