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Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures

Received: 11 May 2023     Accepted: 30 May 2023     Published: 9 June 2023
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Abstract

Researchers in engineering and sciences have consistently carried out relevant studies on different ways to minimize the use of natural resources and to control environmental pollution. Aggregates used in concrete are generally obtained from rocks while huge collection of scrap tires are one of the biggest form of wastes in our societies throughout the world. Studies have shown that aggregates in conventional concrete (CC) can be partially replaced with crumb rubber particles. This type of concrete can be referred to as Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC). Confinement of crumb rubber concrete and conventional concrete have shown to increase their compressive strengths. However, the behavior of CRC confined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets at elevated temperatures is still unknown. The knowledge and application of this could lead to a cost-effective and practical consideration in fire safety design. Therefore, this study examines the confined compressive strength of CRC confined with CFRP sheets at elevated temperatures. Finite Element Models (FEM) of CC and CRC with and without confinement were developed at room temperature and validated with literature, American Concrete Institute (ACI), and an indirect reference to the real behavior of the material. FEM results agreed reasonably with these sources. Finite element models of confined CC and confined CRC were subjected to elevated temperature and compared with the finite element model of confined CC and confined CRC respectively at room temperature. It was found that models under service confined compressive stress subjected to elevated temperature of 120°C experienced strength loss in the range of 46% to 51% when compared with the room temperature. Accordingly, a strength loss in the range of 34% to 56% was observed for models under maximum confined compressive stress. An example of an axially loaded CFRP-confined CRC column with explanations to calculate the nominal load capacity of a modeled column at room temperature and elevated temperature using our data was also carried out. The percentage difference between the calculated and the model were respectively 3% and 12.1% at room and elevated temperature.

Published in Engineering and Applied Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11
Page(s) 36-46
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, Conventional Concrete, Crumb Rubber Concrete, Elevated Temperatures, Compressive Strength

References
[1] Rubber Manufacturers Association (2009), “Scrap Tire Markets in the United States.” Ninth Biennial Report Washington DC.
[2] Osama Y, et al, (2014), “An Experimental Inv- estigation of Crumb Rubber Concrete Confined by Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tubes.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 53, pp. 522-532.
[3] Marijin, R., and Spoelstra, M., (1999), “FRP- confined Concrete Model.” Journal of Composites for Construction, Vol 3 (3), pp. 143-150.
[4] Antonio. N., and Nick, B., (1995), “FRP Jacket- ed Concrete Under Uniaxial Compression.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 9 (2), pp. 115-124.
[5] Camille., I., and George, S., “Utilization of Recycled Crumb Rubber as Fine Aggregates in Concrete Mix Design.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 32, pp. 48-52.
[6] Ou, Y., et al, (2021), “Push-off and Pull-out Bond Behaviour of CRC Composite Slabs – An Experimental Investigation.” Engineering Structures, 228, Article 111480.
[7] Tang, Y., et al, (2021), “Fracture Behavior of a Sustainable Material: Recycled Concrete with Waste Crumb Rubber Subjected to Elevated Temperatures.” Journal of Clean Production, 318, Article 128553.
[8] Youssf, O., et al, (2022), “Mechanical Performance and Durability of Geopolymer Lightweight Rubber Concrete.” Journal of Building Engineering, 45, Article 103608.
[9] Kamil, K., et al, (2005), “Properties of Crumb Rubber Concrete." Transportation Research Record. 1914: 1, pp. 8-14.
[10] Samar, R., et al, (2016), “Optimization of Rubberized Concrete with High Rubber Content: An Experimental Investigation.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 124, pp. 371- 404. ISSN 0950-0618.
[11] Piti, S., (2009), “Use of Crumb Rubber to Improve Thermal and Sound Properties of Pre-cast Concrete Panel.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 23 (2), pp. 1084-1092.
[12] Liang, Hea., et al, (2016), “Surface Modification of Crumb Rubber and its Influence on the Mechanical Properties of Rubber-cement Concre- te.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol 120, pp. 403-407.
[13] Gideon, Si., et al, (2015), “Properties of Concrete Concrete with Tire Derived Aggregate Partially Replacing Coarse Aggregates.” The Scientific World Journal, retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863706.
[14] Luke, B., (2003), “Fire Behaviour of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Reinforced Conf- ined Concrete.” Queen’s University Kingston Ontario, Canada Report.
[15] Najafabadi, P., et al, (2018), “Effect of Applied Stress and Bar Characteristics on the Short-term Creep Behavior of FRP Bars.” Construction and Building Materials, 171: 960-968.
[16] Khaneghahi, H., et al, (2018), “Effect of Intumescent Paint Coating on Mechanical Properties of FRP Bars at elevated temperature.” Polymer Testing, 71: 72-86.
[17] Najafabadi, P., et al, (2019), “The Tensile Performance of FRP Bars Embedded in Concrete Under Elevated Temperatures.” Construction and Building Materials, 211: 1138-1152.
[18] Najafabadi, P., et al, (2019), “Experimental Investigation and Probabilistic Models for Residual Mechanical Properties of GFRP Pultruded Profiles Exposed to Elevated Temperature,” Composites Structures, 211: 610-629.
[19] Rahai,, A., et al, (2008), “Experimental Behav- of Concrete Cylinders Confined with CFRP Composites.” In: Proceeding of The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, Beijing, China.
[20] HuaXin, Liu., et al, (2012), “Mechanical Performance of Concrete Column Confined by BFRP Sheets Using ANSYS.” In: Proceedings of Second International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology, September 2012, ISBN: 978-90- 78677-60-4, doi: 10.2991/emeit.2012.89.
[21] American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) C39, (2005), “Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards: 04.01, 21-27.
[22] American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 440, (2008), “Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Concrete Structur- es.” Farmington Hill, MI.
[23] Damian, K., et al, (2001), “Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Structures with FRP Laminates.” Final Report SPR 316. Oregon Department of Transportation, Research Group.
[24] Acín, G., “Stress Singularities and Concentrations-Mesh Convergence in FEA,” Retrieved from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/stress-singularities-concentrations-mesh-fea-marcos-ac%C3%ADn-gonz%C3A1llez.
[25] Al-Salloum, Y., (2007), “Compressive Strength Models of FRP-confined Concrete.” Asia-Pacific Conference on FRP in Structures, International Institute for FRP in Construction.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohammed Faruqi, Ajibola Habeeb Alamutu, Breanna Bailey, Francisco Aguiniga. (2023). Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures. Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(3), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11

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    ACS Style

    Mohammed Faruqi; Ajibola Habeeb Alamutu; Breanna Bailey; Francisco Aguiniga. Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures. Eng. Appl. Sci. 2023, 8(3), 36-46. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11

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    AMA Style

    Mohammed Faruqi, Ajibola Habeeb Alamutu, Breanna Bailey, Francisco Aguiniga. Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures. Eng Appl Sci. 2023;8(3):36-46. doi: 10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11,
      author = {Mohammed Faruqi and Ajibola Habeeb Alamutu and Breanna Bailey and Francisco Aguiniga},
      title = {Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures},
      journal = {Engineering and Applied Sciences},
      volume = {8},
      number = {3},
      pages = {36-46},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eas.20230803.11},
      abstract = {Researchers in engineering and sciences have consistently carried out relevant studies on different ways to minimize the use of natural resources and to control environmental pollution. Aggregates used in concrete are generally obtained from rocks while huge collection of scrap tires are one of the biggest form of wastes in our societies throughout the world. Studies have shown that aggregates in conventional concrete (CC) can be partially replaced with crumb rubber particles. This type of concrete can be referred to as Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC). Confinement of crumb rubber concrete and conventional concrete have shown to increase their compressive strengths. However, the behavior of CRC confined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets at elevated temperatures is still unknown. The knowledge and application of this could lead to a cost-effective and practical consideration in fire safety design. Therefore, this study examines the confined compressive strength of CRC confined with CFRP sheets at elevated temperatures. Finite Element Models (FEM) of CC and CRC with and without confinement were developed at room temperature and validated with literature, American Concrete Institute (ACI), and an indirect reference to the real behavior of the material. FEM results agreed reasonably with these sources. Finite element models of confined CC and confined CRC were subjected to elevated temperature and compared with the finite element model of confined CC and confined CRC respectively at room temperature. It was found that models under service confined compressive stress subjected to elevated temperature of 120°C experienced strength loss in the range of 46% to 51% when compared with the room temperature. Accordingly, a strength loss in the range of 34% to 56% was observed for models under maximum confined compressive stress. An example of an axially loaded CFRP-confined CRC column with explanations to calculate the nominal load capacity of a modeled column at room temperature and elevated temperature using our data was also carried out. The percentage difference between the calculated and the model were respectively 3% and 12.1% at room and elevated temperature.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Confined Crumb Rubber Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
    AU  - Mohammed Faruqi
    AU  - Ajibola Habeeb Alamutu
    AU  - Breanna Bailey
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    Y1  - 2023/06/09
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11
    T2  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JF  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
    JO  - Engineering and Applied Sciences
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    EP  - 46
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1468
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eas.20230803.11
    AB  - Researchers in engineering and sciences have consistently carried out relevant studies on different ways to minimize the use of natural resources and to control environmental pollution. Aggregates used in concrete are generally obtained from rocks while huge collection of scrap tires are one of the biggest form of wastes in our societies throughout the world. Studies have shown that aggregates in conventional concrete (CC) can be partially replaced with crumb rubber particles. This type of concrete can be referred to as Crumb Rubber Concrete (CRC). Confinement of crumb rubber concrete and conventional concrete have shown to increase their compressive strengths. However, the behavior of CRC confined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets at elevated temperatures is still unknown. The knowledge and application of this could lead to a cost-effective and practical consideration in fire safety design. Therefore, this study examines the confined compressive strength of CRC confined with CFRP sheets at elevated temperatures. Finite Element Models (FEM) of CC and CRC with and without confinement were developed at room temperature and validated with literature, American Concrete Institute (ACI), and an indirect reference to the real behavior of the material. FEM results agreed reasonably with these sources. Finite element models of confined CC and confined CRC were subjected to elevated temperature and compared with the finite element model of confined CC and confined CRC respectively at room temperature. It was found that models under service confined compressive stress subjected to elevated temperature of 120°C experienced strength loss in the range of 46% to 51% when compared with the room temperature. Accordingly, a strength loss in the range of 34% to 56% was observed for models under maximum confined compressive stress. An example of an axially loaded CFRP-confined CRC column with explanations to calculate the nominal load capacity of a modeled column at room temperature and elevated temperature using our data was also carried out. The percentage difference between the calculated and the model were respectively 3% and 12.1% at room and elevated temperature.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA

  • Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA

  • Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA

  • Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, USA

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