Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital

Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore; Aime Yiompouén Some; Georges Rosario Christian Millogo; Koudougou Jonas Kologo; Martial Ouedraogo; Nobila Valentin Yameogo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital

Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore^*

, Aime Yiompouén Some, Georges Rosario Christian Millogo, Koudougou Jonas Kologo, Martial Ouedraogo, Nobila Valentin Yameogo

Published in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 26 July 2026 Accepted: 5 August 2026 Published: 20 September 2026

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Abstract

Introduction: Third cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the lethality of PE in the Cardiology department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center (CHU-YO) from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive with an analytical aim by retrospective collection of data on the clinical observations of hospitalized patients. Results: The hospital proportion of PE in our series was 9.7%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The average age was 50.41 years. The first three permanent thromboembolic risk factors were age greater than or equal to 65 years (23.2%), HIV infection (7.7%) and history of venous thromboembolic disease (7.4%). The most found transient thromboembolic risk factor was obesity (29.6%). Chest pain (77.2%) and dyspnea (76.8%) were the most common symptoms. The most common electrical anomaly was subepicardial ischemia at the level of the right precordials ((in V1: 29.9%, in V2: 28.3%) and the echocardiographic one was pulmonary hypertension (33.76%). Bilateral distribution and segmental location of thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree were the most found with respectively 66.2% and 44.1%. Thrombolysis was performed in 5.8% of patients. The most commonly used oral anticoagulant was fluindione (72.3%). Hospital lethality was 6.1%. Survival in women (71.8%) was lower than in men (73.1%) but without statistically significant difference (p-Value=0.4). The risk factors associated with the lethality of pulmonary embolism in the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center from 2015 to 2019 were age over 65 ((ORa=4 .41; 95% CI= [1.08; 17.9]); incomplete right bundle branch block (ORa=6.09; 95% CI= [1.15; 32.35]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ((ORa=9.18; 95% CI= [1.02; 83.03]). The only protective factor was VKA overdose ((ORa=0.09; 95% CI= [0.01; 0.83]). Conclusion: Among the associated factors identified in this study, 2 out of 4 can be targets for public health's actions. These are the INR target and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To reduce the lethality of PE in our context, we suggest upstream to continue and intensify the fight against smoking, this major provider of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and downstream to define by cohort studies, the most important INR target effective in terms of reducing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Burkina Faso.

Published in	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
Page(s)	78-89
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pulmonary Embolism, Lethality, Associated Factors, Therapeutic Target, Smoking, Burkina Faso

References

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[2]	Cohen A. Pulmonary embolism. Cardiology and cardiovascular pathologies. 1997; 775–816.
[3]	Torbicki A. Perrier A. Konstantinides S. Agnelli G. Galiè N. Pruszczyk P. et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2008 Sep; 29(18): 2276–315.
[4]	Houenassi M. Thromboembolic disease emerges. Tropical cardiology news. Medscape. 2012.
[5]	Fr. Olivier Ouedraogo. Climatic variations in the frequency of occurrence of venous thromboembolic disease in cardiology hospitalization about 408 cases.
[6]	World Bank [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jun 30]. Burkina Faso Overview. Available from: https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/burkinafaso/overview
[7]	WATHI. General presentation of Burkina Faso [Internet]. WATHI. 2020 [cited 2023 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.wathi.org/contexte-election-burkina-2020/presentation-generale-du-burkina-faso/
[8]	Geography of Burkina Faso. In: Wikipedia [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jun 29]. Available from: https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9ographie_du_Burkina_Faso&oldid=186028543
[9]	Diall I. B. Coulibaly S. Minta I. Ba Ho. Diakité M. Sidibé N. Sangaré I. Diakité S. Sangaré K. Diallo B. A. Pulmonary embolism: etiology. clinic and evolution of pulmonary embolism in 30 cases. Mali med 2011. [cited 2016 Mar 22]. Available on: http://malimedical.org/2011/3a.pdf.
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[12]	Palud L. Laurent M. Gueret P. Meunier C. Gavin E. Benoît p.-0 et al. Interest of the combination of D.Dimer assay and clinical probability assessment in a non-invasive diagnostic strategy for pulmonary embolism. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 2004; 97: 93-9.
[13]	Fofana D. Maiga AK. Sanogo S. Diallo S. Doumbia CT. Sidibé S. et al. Risk Factors and Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in the Cardiology Department of the Mother-Child University Hospital (CHU-ME) "Luxembourg". Health Sci Dis [Internet]. 2019 Oct 14 [cited 2019 Dec 13]; 20(6). Available from: http://hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/1639
[14]	Pessinaba S. Atti YDM. Baragou S. Pio M. Afassinou Y. Kpélafia M. et al. Pulmonary embolism at the Lomé University Hospital (Togo): retrospective study of 51 cases. Pan Afr Med J [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Dec 9]; 27. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5567959/
[15]	JJ N'DJESSAN. E SOYA. E MONNEY. J KOUAME. R TAKOGUE. C KONIN. Early mortality risk assessment of pulmonary embolism in the intensive care unit of Abidjan Cardiology Institute.
[16]	Ndiaye MB. Diao M. Kane ad. et al. Role of thrombolysis in severe pulmonary embolism. Mali medical. 2011; VOLUME XXVI (N°2).
[17]	Ouldzein H. Nourredine A. Cherradi R. Rahal N. Mechmeche R. Haouala H. Management of pulmonary embolism in a cardiology setting: experience of a Tunisian hospital. Ann Cardiol Angelology. 2008; 57(1): 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancard.2007.01.002
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[19]	Steering Committee. Single-bolus tenecteplase plus heparin compared with heparin alone for normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism who have evidence of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury: rationale and design of the Pulmonary Embolism Thrombolysis (PEITHO) trial. Am Heart J. 2012; 163(1): 33-38.

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Traore, P. H. B., Some, A. Y., Millogo, G. R. C., Kologo, K. J., Ouedraogo, M., et al. (2026). Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 10(3), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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ACS Style

Traore, P. H. B.; Some, A. Y.; Millogo, G. R. C.; Kologo, K. J.; Ouedraogo, M., et al. Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2026, 10(3), 78-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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AMA Style

Traore PHB, Some AY, Millogo GRC, Kologo KJ, Ouedraogo M, et al. Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2026;10(3):78-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17,
  author = {Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore and Aime Yiompouén Some and Georges Rosario Christian Millogo and Koudougou Jonas Kologo and Martial Ouedraogo and Nobila Valentin Yameogo},
  title = {Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital},
  journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20261003.17},
  abstract = {Introduction: Third cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the lethality of PE in the Cardiology department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center (CHU-YO) from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive with an analytical aim by retrospective collection of data on the clinical observations of hospitalized patients. Results: The hospital proportion of PE in our series was 9.7%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The average age was 50.41 years. The first three permanent thromboembolic risk factors were age greater than or equal to 65 years (23.2%), HIV infection (7.7%) and history of venous thromboembolic disease (7.4%). The most found transient thromboembolic risk factor was obesity (29.6%). Chest pain (77.2%) and dyspnea (76.8%) were the most common symptoms. The most common electrical anomaly was subepicardial ischemia at the level of the right precordials ((in V1: 29.9%, in V2: 28.3%) and the echocardiographic one was pulmonary hypertension (33.76%). Bilateral distribution and segmental location of thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree were the most found with respectively 66.2% and 44.1%. Thrombolysis was performed in 5.8% of patients. The most commonly used oral anticoagulant was fluindione (72.3%). Hospital lethality was 6.1%. Survival in women (71.8%) was lower than in men (73.1%) but without statistically significant difference (p-Value=0.4). The risk factors associated with the lethality of pulmonary embolism in the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center from 2015 to 2019 were age over 65 ((ORa=4 .41; 95% CI= [1.08; 17.9]); incomplete right bundle branch block (ORa=6.09; 95% CI= [1.15; 32.35]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ((ORa=9.18; 95% CI= [1.02; 83.03]). The only protective factor was VKA overdose ((ORa=0.09; 95% CI= [0.01; 0.83]). Conclusion: Among the associated factors identified in this study, 2 out of 4 can be targets for public health's actions. These are the INR target and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To reduce the lethality of PE in our context, we suggest upstream to continue and intensify the fight against smoking, this major provider of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and downstream to define by cohort studies, the most important INR target effective in terms of reducing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Burkina Faso.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital
AU  - Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore
AU  - Aime Yiompouén Some
AU  - Georges Rosario Christian Millogo
AU  - Koudougou Jonas Kologo
AU  - Martial Ouedraogo
AU  - Nobila Valentin Yameogo
Y1  - 2026/09/20
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
SP  - 78
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8914
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
AB  - Introduction: Third cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the lethality of PE in the Cardiology department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center (CHU-YO) from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive with an analytical aim by retrospective collection of data on the clinical observations of hospitalized patients. Results: The hospital proportion of PE in our series was 9.7%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The average age was 50.41 years. The first three permanent thromboembolic risk factors were age greater than or equal to 65 years (23.2%), HIV infection (7.7%) and history of venous thromboembolic disease (7.4%). The most found transient thromboembolic risk factor was obesity (29.6%). Chest pain (77.2%) and dyspnea (76.8%) were the most common symptoms. The most common electrical anomaly was subepicardial ischemia at the level of the right precordials ((in V1: 29.9%, in V2: 28.3%) and the echocardiographic one was pulmonary hypertension (33.76%). Bilateral distribution and segmental location of thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree were the most found with respectively 66.2% and 44.1%. Thrombolysis was performed in 5.8% of patients. The most commonly used oral anticoagulant was fluindione (72.3%). Hospital lethality was 6.1%. Survival in women (71.8%) was lower than in men (73.1%) but without statistically significant difference (p-Value=0.4). The risk factors associated with the lethality of pulmonary embolism in the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center from 2015 to 2019 were age over 65 ((ORa=4 .41; 95% CI= [1.08; 17.9]); incomplete right bundle branch block (ORa=6.09; 95% CI= [1.15; 32.35]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ((ORa=9.18; 95% CI= [1.02; 83.03]). The only protective factor was VKA overdose ((ORa=0.09; 95% CI= [0.01; 0.83]). Conclusion: Among the associated factors identified in this study, 2 out of 4 can be targets for public health's actions. These are the INR target and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To reduce the lethality of PE in our context, we suggest upstream to continue and intensify the fight against smoking, this major provider of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and downstream to define by cohort studies, the most important INR target effective in terms of reducing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Burkina Faso.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore

African Institute of Public Health, Gampela, Burkina Faso

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2659-0614
Aime Yiompouén Some

Cardiology Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Georges Rosario Christian Millogo

Cardiology Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Koudougou Jonas Kologo

Cardiology Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Martial Ouedraogo

Department of Pulmonology, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Nobila Valentin Yameogo

Cardiology Department, Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-7882

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APA Style

Traore, P. H. B., Some, A. Y., Millogo, G. R. C., Kologo, K. J., Ouedraogo, M., et al. (2026). Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 10(3), 78-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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ACS Style

Traore, P. H. B.; Some, A. Y.; Millogo, G. R. C.; Kologo, K. J.; Ouedraogo, M., et al. Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2026, 10(3), 78-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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AMA Style

Traore PHB, Some AY, Millogo GRC, Kologo KJ, Ouedraogo M, et al. Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2026;10(3):78-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17,
  author = {Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore and Aime Yiompouén Some and Georges Rosario Christian Millogo and Koudougou Jonas Kologo and Martial Ouedraogo and Nobila Valentin Yameogo},
  title = {Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital},
  journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {78-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20261003.17},
  abstract = {Introduction: Third cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the lethality of PE in the Cardiology department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center (CHU-YO) from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive with an analytical aim by retrospective collection of data on the clinical observations of hospitalized patients. Results: The hospital proportion of PE in our series was 9.7%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The average age was 50.41 years. The first three permanent thromboembolic risk factors were age greater than or equal to 65 years (23.2%), HIV infection (7.7%) and history of venous thromboembolic disease (7.4%). The most found transient thromboembolic risk factor was obesity (29.6%). Chest pain (77.2%) and dyspnea (76.8%) were the most common symptoms. The most common electrical anomaly was subepicardial ischemia at the level of the right precordials ((in V1: 29.9%, in V2: 28.3%) and the echocardiographic one was pulmonary hypertension (33.76%). Bilateral distribution and segmental location of thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree were the most found with respectively 66.2% and 44.1%. Thrombolysis was performed in 5.8% of patients. The most commonly used oral anticoagulant was fluindione (72.3%). Hospital lethality was 6.1%. Survival in women (71.8%) was lower than in men (73.1%) but without statistically significant difference (p-Value=0.4). The risk factors associated with the lethality of pulmonary embolism in the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center from 2015 to 2019 were age over 65 ((ORa=4 .41; 95% CI= [1.08; 17.9]); incomplete right bundle branch block (ORa=6.09; 95% CI= [1.15; 32.35]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ((ORa=9.18; 95% CI= [1.02; 83.03]). The only protective factor was VKA overdose ((ORa=0.09; 95% CI= [0.01; 0.83]). Conclusion: Among the associated factors identified in this study, 2 out of 4 can be targets for public health's actions. These are the INR target and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To reduce the lethality of PE in our context, we suggest upstream to continue and intensify the fight against smoking, this major provider of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and downstream to define by cohort studies, the most important INR target effective in terms of reducing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Burkina Faso.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Associated Factors to Pulmonary Embolism Lethality in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Case of the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital
AU  - Pengd-Wende Habib Bousse Traore
AU  - Aime Yiompouén Some
AU  - Georges Rosario Christian Millogo
AU  - Koudougou Jonas Kologo
AU  - Martial Ouedraogo
AU  - Nobila Valentin Yameogo
Y1  - 2026/09/20
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
SP  - 78
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8914
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20261003.17
AB  - Introduction: Third cause of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. The main objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with the lethality of PE in the Cardiology department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center (CHU-YO) from 2015 to 2019. Methodology: The study was descriptive with an analytical aim by retrospective collection of data on the clinical observations of hospitalized patients. Results: The hospital proportion of PE in our series was 9.7%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.63. The average age was 50.41 years. The first three permanent thromboembolic risk factors were age greater than or equal to 65 years (23.2%), HIV infection (7.7%) and history of venous thromboembolic disease (7.4%). The most found transient thromboembolic risk factor was obesity (29.6%). Chest pain (77.2%) and dyspnea (76.8%) were the most common symptoms. The most common electrical anomaly was subepicardial ischemia at the level of the right precordials ((in V1: 29.9%, in V2: 28.3%) and the echocardiographic one was pulmonary hypertension (33.76%). Bilateral distribution and segmental location of thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree were the most found with respectively 66.2% and 44.1%. Thrombolysis was performed in 5.8% of patients. The most commonly used oral anticoagulant was fluindione (72.3%). Hospital lethality was 6.1%. Survival in women (71.8%) was lower than in men (73.1%) but without statistically significant difference (p-Value=0.4). The risk factors associated with the lethality of pulmonary embolism in the Cardiology Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center from 2015 to 2019 were age over 65 ((ORa=4 .41; 95% CI= [1.08; 17.9]); incomplete right bundle branch block (ORa=6.09; 95% CI= [1.15; 32.35]); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ((ORa=9.18; 95% CI= [1.02; 83.03]). The only protective factor was VKA overdose ((ORa=0.09; 95% CI= [0.01; 0.83]). Conclusion: Among the associated factors identified in this study, 2 out of 4 can be targets for public health's actions. These are the INR target and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To reduce the lethality of PE in our context, we suggest upstream to continue and intensify the fight against smoking, this major provider of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and downstream to define by cohort studies, the most important INR target effective in terms of reducing mortality from pulmonary embolism in Burkina Faso.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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