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Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in DHQ (District Head Quarter Hospital) of Charsadda, City of Kp Pakistan 2015-2016

Received: 16 February 2018     Accepted: 16 March 2018     Published: 19 April 2018
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Abstract

Typhoid fever has a prominent as a perilous illness in Asia with almost 93% of worldwide cases has been underwritten by this region. Being a critical cause for an ailment and passing in creating nations where safe water supply, natural sanitation and sustenance cleanliness is not ideal. Typhoid remains a communicable disease found both male and female. It occurs due to the systematic infection of mainly via Salmonella typhi. An epidemiological model aimed at immediate and round about transmission of typhoid is planned and examined. The fundamental number is figured out. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of typhoid fever in 4253 consecutive patients with fever and symptoms clinically compatible with typhoid fever to verify recent estimates of a high prevalence of typhoid fever in individuals living in the Charsadda. 923 patients show the positive result, 476 were males & 487 females in the total of 4253. The ratio of positive result is considerable higher in females as compare to men.

Published in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12
Page(s) 21-24
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Typhoid Fever, Salmonella typhi, Charsadda, KP, Pakistan

References
[1] A. Andino and I. Hanning, 2015. Salmonella Enteric: Survival, Colonization, and Virulence Differences among Serovars: Hindawi Publishing Corporation e Scientific World Journal, 16 pages.
[2] Steady Mushayabasc. A simple epidemiology model for typhoid with saturated incidence rate & treatment effect. Intl. J. Mathematical Computation, Electrical computer & Physical, engineering, Vol: 6 No, 6, 2012.
[3] Shah, S. M., M. Yousafzai, N. B. Lakhani, R. A. Chotani and G. Nowshad, 2003. Prevalence and correlates of diarrhea, Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 70 (3): 207-211.
[4] Warren Levinson, Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, (13th edit) ISBN: 978-0-07-181812-4.
[5] p. A. Grimont and F. X. Weill, Antigenic Formulae of the Salmonella Serovars, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, 2007.
[6] Masoumi, A. H., N. Aghili, M. M. Gouya & M. Nabavi 2013. From 1962-2011 Epidemic of Typhoid Fever in Iran during Last Five Decades, Iranian Journal of Publ Health, 42 (1); 33-38.
[7] Usman Ayub, Amar Alik Khattak, Farakh Javeed, Afshan Saleem, Nazeem Hussain, Najam, Siddiqui & Azam Hayat, 2015. The incidence of Typhoid Fever in Islamabad Pakistan, Toxicological Journal of American-Eurasian 7. 25 years after Vi typhoid vaccine efficacy study, affects a significant number of population in Nepal, Plo. 1., 9 (1): e77974.
[8] Khosla, S. N. Changing pattern of typhoid. Asian Med. J., 1982; 25 (3):185.98.
[9] Ochiai RL, Wang XY, Von Siedlein L et al. (2005) Salmonella Paratyphi A rates, Asia. Emerg Infect Dis 11 (11):1764-1766.
[10] Ochiai RL, Acosta CJ, Danovaro-Holliday MC et al. (2008) A study of typhoid fever in five Asian countries: disease burden and implications for control. Bull World Health Organ 86 (4):260-68.
[11] B. Singh, Sinha, A., M. Rao, S. Sood, V. P. Reddaiah, S. Sazawal A. Naficy, J. D. Clemens & M. K. Bhan, R. Kumar 1999. Typhoid fever in children aged less than 5 years, Lancet, 354 (9180): 734-737.
[12] Bajracharya, D., M. I. Khan, A. Pach, P. Shrestha, N. Joshi, S. R. Upreti, T. Wierzba, M. Puri, S. Sahastrabuddhe & R. L. Ochiai, 2014.
[13] Sulaiman, K. & A. R. Sarwari, 2007. Culture-confirmed typhoid fever & preg, Intl. J. Infect. Dis., 11 (4): 337-341.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Unays Siraj, Waqas Ahmad Shams, Gauhar Rehman, Sadaf Niaz. (2018). Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in DHQ (District Head Quarter Hospital) of Charsadda, City of Kp Pakistan 2015-2016. Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, 6(1), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12

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    ACS Style

    Unays Siraj; Waqas Ahmad Shams; Gauhar Rehman; Sadaf Niaz. Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in DHQ (District Head Quarter Hospital) of Charsadda, City of Kp Pakistan 2015-2016. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. 2018, 6(1), 21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12

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    AMA Style

    Unays Siraj, Waqas Ahmad Shams, Gauhar Rehman, Sadaf Niaz. Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in DHQ (District Head Quarter Hospital) of Charsadda, City of Kp Pakistan 2015-2016. Comput Biol Bioinform. 2018;6(1):21-24. doi: 10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12,
      author = {Unays Siraj and Waqas Ahmad Shams and Gauhar Rehman and Sadaf Niaz},
      title = {Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella typhi in DHQ (District Head Quarter Hospital) of Charsadda, City of Kp Pakistan 2015-2016},
      journal = {Computational Biology and Bioinformatics},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {21-24},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cbb.20180601.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cbb.20180601.12},
      abstract = {Typhoid fever has a prominent as a perilous illness in Asia with almost 93% of worldwide cases has been underwritten by this region. Being a critical cause for an ailment and passing in creating nations where safe water supply, natural sanitation and sustenance cleanliness is not ideal. Typhoid remains a communicable disease found both male and female. It occurs due to the systematic infection of mainly via Salmonella typhi. An epidemiological model aimed at immediate and round about transmission of typhoid is planned and examined. The fundamental number is figured out. This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of typhoid fever in 4253 consecutive patients with fever and symptoms clinically compatible with typhoid fever to verify recent estimates of a high prevalence of typhoid fever in individuals living in the Charsadda. 923 patients show the positive result, 476 were males & 487 females in the total of 4253. The ratio of positive result is considerable higher in females as compare to men.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Puktunkhwa, Pakistan

  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Puktunkhwa, Pakistan

  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Puktunkhwa, Pakistan

  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Puktunkhwa, Pakistan

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