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Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand

Received: 4 July 2021     Accepted: 20 August 2021     Published: 31 December 2021
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Abstract

In building construction, hollow concrete block (HCB) is a versatile material used in the construction industry, consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, and optionally fine aggregates with water. The cost of these materials, which make up the concrete block, is expensive. So we should use a renewable natural resource that causes negative impacts on the environment. Plastics are one of the materials present in our everyday lives, which have many chemical and hazardous substances that affect human health and the surrounding environment. This study aims to produce hollow blocks using waste plastic material in the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 of hollow block size 40cm X 20cm X 10cm of different Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste plastic and sand content. This research discussed the material used, the methodology was followed, and the production of hollow blocks and Quality control test of prepared material samples compared with the standard material specification. In this research work, many characteristics that have relevance to the production of Hollow blocks were considered. The plastic is shredded, washed, dried, and melted within the range of 257-315°C temperature in open-air. After melting of PET and HDPE into liquid-state, fixing the sand materials' proportion, mixing the sand materials fed into the mold, and testing the samples after 48 hours was conducted. The test results notice that properties of two samples produced from hollow block satisfy the class-B based on Ethiopian Building Code Standard requirements. The test result for the 1:2 ratio having 3.87Mpa. Therefore, the hollow block production has high compressive strength and low water absorption, which fulfills the standard requirement comparing with the surface property of HCB and aesthetics. The rough surface of HB creates bondage with mortar, which is easier for plastering purpose.

Published in American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15
Page(s) 122-138
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Plastic Waste, Hollow Block, Polyethylene Properties, Plastic, Sand

References
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[3] Ethiopian Authority for standardization and ASTM requirements for building.
[4] Hiwot, M. G., Quezon, E. T. 2017. Comparative study on compressive strength of locally produced fired clay bricks and stabilized clay bricks with cement and lime. Global Scientific Journal 5 (12): 147-157.
[5] ASTM, T. c. (2012). standard specification for building bricks (solid masonry units made from clay or shale). ASTM, Annual book of standards; Volume, 04.05, ASTM C62-97a.
[6] ASTMC128-97. (1998). Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate. ASTM International, 04.02.
[7] ASTMC136-96a. (2001). standard test method for sieve analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregate. ASTM International, 04.02.
[8] R. Ahmad, M I Malik, M U Jan, P Ahmad, H Seth, J Ahmad Brick (2014), Masonry and Hollow Concrete Block Masonry – A Comparative Study, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. (14-21), Month: October 2013-March 2014.
[9] Application Of Waste Plastic And Foundry Sand In Concrete Blocks, Dec. 2018.
[10] M K Maroliya (2012), Load Carrying Capacity of Hollow Concrete Block Masonry Wall, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 6, November- December 2012, pp (382-385).
[11] Ram P, Tapos K, Md Saiful I, Mohammad Asadul H, Md Mahfuzur R, Md Mahabubur RM.: Toxic effects of plastic on human health and environment: A consequences of health risk assessment in Bangladesh. Int J Health. 2018; 6: 1–5.
[12] Fletcher, B. L., & Mackay, M. E. (1996). A model of plastics recycling: does recycling reduce the amount of waste? Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 17 (2), 141-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449 (96)01068-3.
[13] ES, 86 2001.
[14] Aditya Singh Rawat and R. Kansal, “PET Bottles as Sustainable Building Material: A Step Towards Green Building Construction,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology, vol. 1, number 6, pp. 1-3, August 2014.
[15] V. Srinivasan, M. Sanderson, M. Garcia, M. Konar, G. Blöschl & M. Sivapalan (2016): Prediction in a socio-hydrological world, Hydrological Sciences Journal. doi: dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1253844.
[16] Pratima P, Akash S. Sub stainable development using waste PET bottles as construction element; 2016.
[17] Nitin Goyal; Manisha, “Constructing structures using eco-bricks”, Internatonal Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 159-164. 2016.
[18] ACRR 2004Good practices guide on waste plastics recycling Brussels, Belgium: Association of Cities and Regions for Recycling [Google Scholar].
[19] Khan, R., Jabbar, A., Ahmad, I., Khan, W., Khan, A. N., Mirza, J. Reduction in environmental problems using rice-husk ash in concrete. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 30, 360 [CrossRef].
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  • APA Style

    Bien Maunahan, Kebene Adeba. (2021). Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand. American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 6(4), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15

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    ACS Style

    Bien Maunahan; Kebene Adeba. Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand. Am. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2021, 6(4), 122-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15

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    AMA Style

    Bien Maunahan, Kebene Adeba. Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand. Am J Sci Eng Technol. 2021;6(4):122-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15,
      author = {Bien Maunahan and Kebene Adeba},
      title = {Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand},
      journal = {American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {122-138},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajset.20210604.15},
      abstract = {In building construction, hollow concrete block (HCB) is a versatile material used in the construction industry, consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, and optionally fine aggregates with water. The cost of these materials, which make up the concrete block, is expensive. So we should use a renewable natural resource that causes negative impacts on the environment. Plastics are one of the materials present in our everyday lives, which have many chemical and hazardous substances that affect human health and the surrounding environment. This study aims to produce hollow blocks using waste plastic material in the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 of hollow block size 40cm X 20cm X 10cm of different Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste plastic and sand content. This research discussed the material used, the methodology was followed, and the production of hollow blocks and Quality control test of prepared material samples compared with the standard material specification. In this research work, many characteristics that have relevance to the production of Hollow blocks were considered. The plastic is shredded, washed, dried, and melted within the range of 257-315°C temperature in open-air. After melting of PET and HDPE into liquid-state, fixing the sand materials' proportion, mixing the sand materials fed into the mold, and testing the samples after 48 hours was conducted. The test results notice that properties of two samples produced from hollow block satisfy the class-B based on Ethiopian Building Code Standard requirements. The test result for the 1:2 ratio having 3.87Mpa. Therefore, the hollow block production has high compressive strength and low water absorption, which fulfills the standard requirement comparing with the surface property of HCB and aesthetics. The rough surface of HB creates bondage with mortar, which is easier for plastering purpose.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Production of Hollow Block Using Waste Plastic and Sand
    AU  - Bien Maunahan
    AU  - Kebene Adeba
    Y1  - 2021/12/31
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15
    T2  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JF  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    JO  - American Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology
    SP  - 122
    EP  - 138
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8353
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajset.20210604.15
    AB  - In building construction, hollow concrete block (HCB) is a versatile material used in the construction industry, consisting of a mixture of cement, sand, and optionally fine aggregates with water. The cost of these materials, which make up the concrete block, is expensive. So we should use a renewable natural resource that causes negative impacts on the environment. Plastics are one of the materials present in our everyday lives, which have many chemical and hazardous substances that affect human health and the surrounding environment. This study aims to produce hollow blocks using waste plastic material in the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 of hollow block size 40cm X 20cm X 10cm of different Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) waste plastic and sand content. This research discussed the material used, the methodology was followed, and the production of hollow blocks and Quality control test of prepared material samples compared with the standard material specification. In this research work, many characteristics that have relevance to the production of Hollow blocks were considered. The plastic is shredded, washed, dried, and melted within the range of 257-315°C temperature in open-air. After melting of PET and HDPE into liquid-state, fixing the sand materials' proportion, mixing the sand materials fed into the mold, and testing the samples after 48 hours was conducted. The test results notice that properties of two samples produced from hollow block satisfy the class-B based on Ethiopian Building Code Standard requirements. The test result for the 1:2 ratio having 3.87Mpa. Therefore, the hollow block production has high compressive strength and low water absorption, which fulfills the standard requirement comparing with the surface property of HCB and aesthetics. The rough surface of HB creates bondage with mortar, which is easier for plastering purpose.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

  • Department of Construction Engineering and Management, Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

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