| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment

Received: 21 April 2020     Accepted: 11 May 2020     Published: 27 May 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: The birth plan raises women’s knowledge, improves empowerment, and promotes childbirth outcomes. Aim of the study was to implement a birth plan and evaluate its effect on women childbirth outcomes and empowerment. Design: A quasi-experimental comparative design. Sampling: A purposive sample of 194 pregnant women was enrolled and equally allocated into two groups (the intervention group who engaged in a birth plan to receive planned care during childbirth, a control group who received routine hospital care) 97 women each. Setting: The study was conducted at the obstetrics outpatient clinic and in the delivery room of Benha University Hospital. Tools: four tools were used for data collection; A Structured Self-Administration Questionnaire, Birth plan fulfillment sheet, childbirth outcomes sheet, Childbirth related Empowerment Scale. Results: that there were highly significant difference in most items of designed birth plan care during 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage between control and study group (P ≤ 0.001) and there was a significant decrease in mean ± SD of 1st stage duration and the total duration of childbirth stages of the study group comparing to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Before implementing the birth plan, there was no statistical significance difference between control and study group regarding childbirth-related empowerment scale as (p ˃ 0.05) while after implementation, there were highly statistically significant differences regarding most items of birth-related empowerment scale as (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: the birth plan has a higher implementation of designed childbirth care, a positive effect on maternal and fetal outcomes and there was a highly significant increase in the total women`s empowerment scores after implementing birth plan (p<0,001) compared to control group. Recommendation: Raising awareness of healthcare staff of the outpatient clinic, delivery ward to implement birth plan toward increasing childbirth empowerment.

Published in American Journal of Nursing Science (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25
Page(s) 155-165
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Birth Plan, Childbirth Outcomes, Empowerment

References
[1] Aragon, M., Chhoa, E., Dayan, R., Kluftinger, A., Lohn, Z., & Buhler K. (2013). Perspectives of expectant women and health care providers on birth plans. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada (JOGC), 35 (11), 979-985. DOI: 10.1016/S1701-2163 (15) 30785-4.
[2] Afshar, Y., Mei, J., Gregory K., Kilpatrick, S., Esakoff, T. (2017). Birth plans impact on mode of delivery, obstetrical interventions, and birth experience satisfaction; A prospective cohort study. Wiley birth issues in pregnancy care journal, 45 (43), p 49© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth, 2018 https://doi.org/10.1111/ birt.12320.
[3] Welsh, J. and Symon, A. (2014). Unique and Preform Birth Plans; A Qualitative Exploration of Midwives' Experiences. Midwifery 30 (7), P95 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.004.
[4] World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). Care in normal birth; a practical guide [Internet]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/63167/1/WHO_FRH_MSM_96.242016.pdf.
[5] Pennell, A., Salo-Coombs, V., Herring, A., Spielman, F., (2011). Anesthesia and analgesia-related preferences and outcomes of women who have birth plans. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2011; 56, 376-381. doi: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2011.00032.
[6] Kuo, S., Lin, K., Hsu C., Yang C., Chang M., Tsao C., (2014). Evaluation of the effects of a birth plan on Taiwanese women’s childbirth experiences, control and expectations fulfillment: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47: 806-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu., Available from; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/20036361.
[7] Cook, K., Loomi, s C. (2012). The Impact of Choice and Control on Women's Childbirth Experiences. Journal of Perinatal Education, 21 (3): 158–168. DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.21.3.158
[8] Udofia, E., Obed, S., Calys-Tagoe, B., Nimo, P. (2013): Birth and Emergency Planning: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Postnatal Women at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 17 (1): 27-40.
[9] Holmstrom, I., & Roing, M., (2010): The Relations of Patient Empowerment; a Discussion on Concepts. Patient Education Counseling, 79 (2), 167-172, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2009.08.008.
[10] Miedema, S., Haardörfer, R., Girard, A., Yount, M. (2018). Women’s empowerment in East Africa; development of a cross-country comparable measure. World Dev, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.031.
[11] Alsop, R. and Heinsohn, N., (2017): Measuring empowerment in practice: structuring analysis and framing indicators: World Bank Publications, https://elibrary. worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-3510, Accessed 05 Aug 2017.
[12] Suárez, M., Armero-Barranco, D., Canteras, M., Martínez-Roche E. (2015). Use and influence of Delivery and Birth Plan in the humanizing delivery process. Rev. Latino-Am Enfermagem J., 23 (3), p 520-6, Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26155015.
[13] Shi, Y., Wang, D., Yuan Y., Jiang, Y., Zeng, Q., Chang, C. (2015). The effect of prenatal education curriculum on the mother's prenatal examination utilization, delivery mode, and recovery status. Environmental Health Prevention Medicine, 20, p: 397‐403.
[14] Byerley, B. & Haas, D. (2017). A Systematic Overview of the Literature Regarding Group Prenatal Care for High-Risk Pregnant Women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17 p: 3.4.
[15] Fleming, S., Smart, D., & Eide, P. (2011). Grand multiparous women’s perceptions of birthing, nursing care, and childbirth technology. Journal of Perinatal Education, 20 (2), 108-117. DOI: 10.1891/1058-1243.20.2.108.
[16] Ringdal, M., Chaboyer, W., Ulin, K. (2017). Patient preferences for participation in patient care and safety activities in hospitals. BMC Nursing, 16 (69) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-017-0266-7.
[17] Mahmoud, G., Omar, M. (2018). Women’s awareness and perceptions about maternal mortality in rural communities in Assiut and Fayoum Governorates, Egypt. Egyptian Nursing Journal, [cited 2019 Oct 5], 15: 21-9. Available from: http://www.enj.eg.net/text.asp?2018/15/1/21/240350.
[18] Kaso, M., Addisse, M., (2014). Birth preparedness and complication readiness: a cross-sectional study, Reprod Health, 11 (55): 1-12
[19] Ndeto, J., Barasa S., Murigi M., Keraka M., Osero J. (2018). Utilization of individual birth plan during pregnancy and its determinants in Makueni County. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Vol 5 (1), Page 30 5 (1): 30-37.
[20] Jahdi, F., Montazeri, A., Balouchi, M., Behboodi, M. (2014). The impact of group prenatal care on pregnant women empowerment, Payesh, 13 (2): 229- 234 (Persian).
[21] American colleagues of nurses-midwives (2014). Writing a Birth Plan, Volume 59, No. 2, the Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, p226-228, 1526-9523/09/$36.00 DOI: 10.1111, Jewish, www.sharewithwomen.org.
[22] Klima, C., Vonderheid, S., Norr, K., Park, CH. (2015). Development of the Pregnancy-related Empowerment Scale, Nursing and Health, 3 (5): 120-127, http://www.hrpub.org.
[23] Farahat, A., Mohamed, H., Elkader, A., & El Nemer, A. (2015). Effect of implementing a birth plan on women's' childbirth experiences and maternal & neonatal outcomes. Journal of Education and Practice, 6 (6), 24–31.
[24] Hodnett, E., Downe, S., Walsh, D., 2015. Alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, [2] 9, Disponível em: http://cochrane.bvsalud.org/doc.php?db=reviews&id=CD000012.
[25] Magoma, M. Requejo, J. Campbell, O., Cousens, S., Merialdi, M. and Filipp V. (2013). The effectiveness of birth plans in the increasing use of skilled care at delivery in rural Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health journal, volume 18 no 4 pp 435–443 April 2013 © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[26] Li, Y., Townend, J., Rowe, R., Knight, M., Brocklehurst, B., Hollowell, J. (2014). The effect of maternal age and planned place of birth on intrapartum outcomes in healthy women with straightforward pregnancies. BMJ Open, 4, (40), p26, DOI: 10.1136/ BMJ open -2013-004026.
[27] Davis, B., Clark, S., McDonald, K., Young, T., Swaim, L. (2019). The impact of a birth plan on maternal and neonatal delivery outcomes, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol 22 (3), 309, ajog.org.
[28] Hadar, E., Raban, O., Gal, B., Yogev, Y., Melamed, N. (2012). The obstetrical outcome in women with a self-prepared birth plan. Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine Journal, 25 (10), p: 2055.
[29] Anderson, CM., Monardo R., Soon R., Lum J., Tschann M., Kaneshiro B. (2017). Patient communication, satisfaction, and trust before and after use of a StandardizedBirth Plan. Hawaii J Med Public Health. 2017 [cited 2018 Jan 14]; 76 (11): 305-9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC56 94973.
[30] Ngai F., Chan, S., Ip, W. (2019). The effects of a childbirth psycho-education program on maternal role competence and perinatal depression; a quasi-experiment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46 (5), p1298.
[31] Hidalgo-Lopezosa, P., Hidalgo-Maestre, M., Rodríguez M. (2013). Birth plan compliance and its relation to maternal and neonatal outcomes. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem, 201 (25) 2p: 953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518- 8345.2007.2953
[32] Samari, G., (2017). First birth and the trajectory of women’s empowerment in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17 (2), p: 362, DOI 10.1186/s12884-017-1494-2.
[33] Mouta, R., Silva T., Melo, P., Lopes, N., Moreira, V. (2017). Plano de part Como estratégia de empowerment feminine, Rev Baiana Enferm, 31 (4), e20275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v31i4.20275.
[34] Hailemarim, A., Nahusenay, H., Ghana, E., Abebe, A., Getaneh, B. (2016). Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Pregnant Women Attending AntenatalCare Services at Public Health Facilities. Global Journal of Medical Research, 16, p231, Link: https://tinyurl.com/y5hj3swp.
[35] Shimamoto K, Gipson J. (2017). Examining the mechanisms by which women status and empowerment affect skilled birth attendant use; Modeling approach. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17 (Suppl 2).
[36] Divall, B., Spiby, H., Nolan, M., Slade, P. (2017). Plans, preferences or going with the flow; an online exploration of women’s views and experiences of birth plans. Midwifery, 54 (29), p-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.07.020.
[37] (WHO) (2018). recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. Geneva: [cited 2018 Apr 11], Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260178/9789241550215eng.pdf;jsessionid=85C6F3DF79F8B5F4B476076B28785A8A?sequence.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Rehab Soliman Abd El Aliem, Afaf Mohamed Emam, Ahlam El Ahmady Sarhan. (2020). Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment. American Journal of Nursing Science, 9(3), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Rehab Soliman Abd El Aliem; Afaf Mohamed Emam; Ahlam El Ahmady Sarhan. Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment. Am. J. Nurs. Sci. 2020, 9(3), 155-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Rehab Soliman Abd El Aliem, Afaf Mohamed Emam, Ahlam El Ahmady Sarhan. Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment. Am J Nurs Sci. 2020;9(3):155-165. doi: 10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25,
      author = {Rehab Soliman Abd El Aliem and Afaf Mohamed Emam and Ahlam El Ahmady Sarhan},
      title = {Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment},
      journal = {American Journal of Nursing Science},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {155-165},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajns.20200903.25},
      abstract = {Background: The birth plan raises women’s knowledge, improves empowerment, and promotes childbirth outcomes. Aim of the study was to implement a birth plan and evaluate its effect on women childbirth outcomes and empowerment. Design: A quasi-experimental comparative design. Sampling: A purposive sample of 194 pregnant women was enrolled and equally allocated into two groups (the intervention group who engaged in a birth plan to receive planned care during childbirth, a control group who received routine hospital care) 97 women each. Setting: The study was conducted at the obstetrics outpatient clinic and in the delivery room of Benha University Hospital. Tools: four tools were used for data collection; A Structured Self-Administration Questionnaire, Birth plan fulfillment sheet, childbirth outcomes sheet, Childbirth related Empowerment Scale. Results: that there were highly significant difference in most items of designed birth plan care during 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage between control and study group (P ≤ 0.001) and there was a significant decrease in mean ± SD of 1st stage duration and the total duration of childbirth stages of the study group comparing to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Before implementing the birth plan, there was no statistical significance difference between control and study group regarding childbirth-related empowerment scale as (p ˃ 0.05) while after implementation, there were highly statistically significant differences regarding most items of birth-related empowerment scale as (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: the birth plan has a higher implementation of designed childbirth care, a positive effect on maternal and fetal outcomes and there was a highly significant increase in the total women`s empowerment scores after implementing birth plan (p<0,001) compared to control group. Recommendation: Raising awareness of healthcare staff of the outpatient clinic, delivery ward to implement birth plan toward increasing childbirth empowerment.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Implementing Birth Plan on Women Childbirth Outcomes and Empowerment
    AU  - Rehab Soliman Abd El Aliem
    AU  - Afaf Mohamed Emam
    AU  - Ahlam El Ahmady Sarhan
    Y1  - 2020/05/27
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25
    T2  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JF  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    JO  - American Journal of Nursing Science
    SP  - 155
    EP  - 165
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajns.20200903.25
    AB  - Background: The birth plan raises women’s knowledge, improves empowerment, and promotes childbirth outcomes. Aim of the study was to implement a birth plan and evaluate its effect on women childbirth outcomes and empowerment. Design: A quasi-experimental comparative design. Sampling: A purposive sample of 194 pregnant women was enrolled and equally allocated into two groups (the intervention group who engaged in a birth plan to receive planned care during childbirth, a control group who received routine hospital care) 97 women each. Setting: The study was conducted at the obstetrics outpatient clinic and in the delivery room of Benha University Hospital. Tools: four tools were used for data collection; A Structured Self-Administration Questionnaire, Birth plan fulfillment sheet, childbirth outcomes sheet, Childbirth related Empowerment Scale. Results: that there were highly significant difference in most items of designed birth plan care during 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage between control and study group (P ≤ 0.001) and there was a significant decrease in mean ± SD of 1st stage duration and the total duration of childbirth stages of the study group comparing to the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Before implementing the birth plan, there was no statistical significance difference between control and study group regarding childbirth-related empowerment scale as (p ˃ 0.05) while after implementation, there were highly statistically significant differences regarding most items of birth-related empowerment scale as (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: the birth plan has a higher implementation of designed childbirth care, a positive effect on maternal and fetal outcomes and there was a highly significant increase in the total women`s empowerment scores after implementing birth plan (p<0,001) compared to control group. Recommendation: Raising awareness of healthcare staff of the outpatient clinic, delivery ward to implement birth plan toward increasing childbirth empowerment.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Obstetrics and Woman Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

  • Obstetrics and Woman Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

  • Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Benha University, Benha, Egypt

  • Sections