| Peer-Reviewed

Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges

Received: 21 July 2014     Accepted: 1 September 2014     Published: 26 March 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This paper discusses the challenges of teaching and design of embedded system course. A survey on different approaches of teaching embedded systems design course was presented. The embedded system design class/course is often the course in which students are exposed to fairly complex design problems. In this study, the authors explained the importance of teaching embedded systems courses in a way that can shrink the gap between academically taught skills and the skills sought after by the industry. The literature on embedded systems design was found to be diverse, including relatively small amounts of research data and much larger amounts of evaluation literature. Methodological rating schemes were used to compare for confounding influences in the research studies. Many studies were found but only few of them were included because of lack of methodological rigour in the research and poorly developed outcome measures. This paper suggested that by understanding the cognitive mindset of different discipline, suitable methods can be advised. These can be implemented not only in higher education institutions but also in industrial training. Comments and future work for further research are also listed.

Published in American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11
Page(s) 1-10
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Embedded Systems Design, Teaching Challenges, and Readiness

References
[1] Draft. “Computer Engineering as a Discipline” [Published 2008]. http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/compeng/upload/IEEE-CpE-excerpts.pdf
[2] Martin Grimheden, Martin Törngren. “How should embedded systems be taught?: experiences and snapshots from Swedish higher engineering education”. SIGBED Review 2(4): 34-39 (2005)
[3] Sebastian Fischmeister, “Introduction to Programming Embedded Systems”. http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~lee/06cse480/lec-into_to_prog_embedded_systems.pdf.
[4] “Introduction to Embedded system”. http://vanilla47.com/Machine%20Language%20and%20Assembly%20Language%20Programing/Introduction%20to%20Embeded%20Systems.pdf
[5] M. Grimheden and M. Törngren, “What is embedded systems and how should it be taught?—results from a didactic analysis,” ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst., vol. 4, pp. 633–651, August 2005. Available: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1086519.1086528.
[6] Peter Jamieson. “Arduino for teaching embedded system. Are computer scientists and engineering educators missing the boat?” International Conference on Frontiers in Education: Computer Science and Computer Engineering (FECS'11), 2011. Las Vegas, NV.
[7] M. J. I. N. Institute, “Industriell Programvaruutveckling,” Tech. Rep., 2003.
[8] C. L. Dym, A. M. Agogino, D. D. Frey, and L. J. Leifer, “Engineering design thinking, teaching, and learning,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 94, pp. 103–120, 2005. Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.72.1593.
[9] Tadej Tuma, Iztok Fajfar. “A new curriculum for teaching embedded systems at the University of Ljubljana”. Proceeding of ITHET'06. 7th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training, 2006. Pages 14-19
[10] Janos Sztipanovits, Gautam Biswas, Ken Frampton, Aniruddha S. Gokhale, Larry Howard, Gabor Karsai, Tak-John Koo, Xenofon D. Koutsoukos,Douglas C. Schmidt: Introducing embedded software and systems education and advanced learning technology in an engineering curriculum. ACM Trans. Embedded Computer, Syst. 4(3): 549-568 (2005)
[11] Mitali A. et.al. “A Survey on Impact of Embedded System on Teaching”. MIT International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, No. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 36–38.
[12] Stephen A. Edwards. “Experiences teaching an FPGA-based embedded systems class” ACM SIGBED Review - Special issue: The first workshop on embedded system education (WESE) Volume 2 Issue 4, October 2005 Pages 56-62.
[13] João M. et.al. “Teaching Embedded Systems Engineering in a Software-Oriented Computing Degree”. Proceeding of 37th ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, 2007.
[14] Embedded Systems Curriculum – A White Paper – 2/8/2006.
[15] Nakutis, Þ, Saunoris, M. “Challenges of embedded systems teaching in electronic engineering studies” Electronics and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 1392-1215. 2010, nr. 6(102), p. 83-86.
[16] Rainer Domer, et.al. “Introduction to Hardware-dependent Software Design”. Proceeding of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC’09); pages 290-292.
[17] Wang CL, Yao B, Yang Y, Zhu Z, “A Survey of Embedded Operating System”. http://3c.nii.org.tw/3c/silicon/embedded/2003-03/0228/Survey%20of%20Embedded%20OS.pdf
[18] Christian Obkircher. “Anytime, Everywhere? A Critical Comparison of Different Teaching Concepts in Embedded Systems Education”. Term paper: Didactics in computer engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Pages 1-4, JUNE 02, 2007. https://ti.tuwien.ac.at/ecs/teaching/courses/dinf-ss08/papers/obkircher.pdf
[19] K. Ferens. “Teaching Embedded System Design”. Proc. 2012 Canadian Engineering Education Association (CEEA12) Conf. pages 1-4. 2012.
[20] Peter Bertels. Et. al. “Teaching skills and concepts for embedded systems design”. Journal of SIGBED Review, Vol. 1, pages 1-4. 2009.
[21] Joao M. Fernandes, R. J. Machado. “Teaching embedded systems engineering in a software oriented computing degree”. Proceeding of Frontiers In Education Conference - Global Engineering: Knowledge Without Borders, Opportunities Without Passports, 2007. FIE '07. 37th Annual, pages 5-10. 2007. file:///C:/Users/nfadel/Downloads/2007-FIE-ASEE-IEEE%20(3).pdf
[22] Koopman, P., "Lessons Learned in Teaching a Complex Distributed Embedded System Project Course," CPS-Ed 2013, April 8, 2013. file:///C:/Users/nfadel/Downloads/Lessons_Learned_in_Teaching_a_Complex_Distributed_Embedded_System_Project_Course%20(5).pdf
[23] Koopman, P. & Szilagyi, C., "Integrity in Embedded Control Networks," IEEE Security & Privacy, 2013.
[24] Kai Qian, Xiaolin Hu, and Liang Hong. “Experience on Teaching Multiple CS Courses with Portable Embedded System Labware in a Box”. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2011 Vol I, WCECS 2011, October 19-21, 2011, San Francisco, USA. http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCECS2011/WCECS2011_pp257-259.pdf
[25] Martin T., et.al. “Experiences from large embedded systems development projects in education, involving industry and research”. Proceeding of the 12th ACM, issue (Volume 4, Number 1), January 2007. Special Issue on the Second Workshop on Embedded System Education.
[26] Martin G., and M. Törngren. “How should Embedded Systems be taught? Experiences and snapshots from Swedish higher engineering education”. ACM SIGBED Review, 2(4):34-39, Oct 2005.
[27] Martin G and M. Törngren. “What is embedded systems and how should it be taught? – Results from a didactical analysis”. In the ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS); Special Issue on Education, Volume 4, Issue 3 (August 2005).
[28] Paul C. et. al. “Guidelines for a graduate curriculum on embedded software and systems”. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS). Volume 4, Issue 3 (August 2005), pages: 587 – 611.
[29] Martin T. et al. “Towards an industrial Framework for Embedded Systems Tools”. First Workshop on Hands-on Platforms and tools for model-based engineering of Embedded Systems (HoPES'10) – at the European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications, June 2010.
[30] D. D. Gajski, S. Abdi, A. Gerstlauer, and G. Schirner, Embedded System Design: Modeling, Synthesis, Verification, Springer, ISBN 978-1-4419-0503-1, July 2009.
[31] Yu Lo, S. Abdi, D. Gajski, "Transaction Level Model Automation for Multicore Systems" in Behavioral Modeling for Embedded Systems and Technologies (Gomes and Fernandes, eds), IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 2009
[32] P. Marwedel, Peter Marwedel (2003). "Embedded system design", Springer.
[33] Cuellar, M.,Chung, E. and Lucido, J.A. (2012) http://www.usc.edu/programs/cerpp/docs/CERPPASHE_Paper_final.pdf
[34] Jacobs R., Marsha, M. and Prince, S. (2008) http://ace.arkansas.gov/cte/informationForms/curriculumFrameworks/Documents/Frameworks/WPR-Frameworks%2011-08.pdf
[35] ARTIST network of excellence. Guidelines for a graduate curriculum on embedded software and systems. (2003)
[36] Bastian Haetzer, Gert Schley, Rauf Salimi Khaligh, and Martin Radetzki. 2011. Practical embedded systems engineering syllabus for graduate students with multidisciplinary backgrounds. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Embedded Systems Education (WESE 11), Jeff Jackson, Peter Marwedel, and Kenneth Ricks (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA `
[37] University of Pennsylvania, "Master of Science Program in Embedded Systems". http://www.cis.upenn.edu/grad/embedded.shtml (visited in July 2011).
[38] Delft University of Technology, "Master of Science Program in Embedded Systems". http://home.tudelft.nl/en/study/master-of-science/master-programmes/embedded-systems
[39] Universitat Stuttgart, "Masters Program in Information Technology (INFOTECH)". http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/infotech/
[40] Mondragon-Torres, Antonio F; Christman, Jeanne W, (2013) "A comprehensive embedded systems design course and laboratory," Microelectronic Systems Education (MSE), 2013 IEEE International Conference, vol., no., pp.56,59.
[41] Peter Bertels, Michiel DHaene, Tom Degryse, and Dirk Stroobandt. 2009. Teaching skills and concepts for embedded systems design. SIGBED Rev. 6, 1, Article 4 (January 2009)
[42] Ricks, K.G.; Jackson, D.J.; Stapleton, W.A.,(2008). "An Embedded Systems Curriculum Based on the IEEE/ACM Model Curriculum," Education, IEEE Transactions on, vol.51, no.2, pp.262,270
[43] Takayama, Y.; Koga, T.; Nitta, T.; Yanagisawa, H.; Shigemura, T., (2012). "Curriculum design for engineering education on embedded system based on broad partnership with university, corporation and local school," Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, vol., no., pp.T1D-1, T1D-7.
[44] Yu Zhang; Zhaoqing Wang; Licheng Xu, (2010) "A global curriculum design framework for embedded system education," Mechatronics and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA), 2010 IEEE/ASME International Conference on , vol., no., pp.65,69.
[45] Winsler, Adam. School readiness: The need for a paradigm shift. Carlton, Martha P.; School Psychology Review, Vol. 28(3), 1999. Special issue: Beginning school ready to learn: Parental involvement and effective educational programs. pp. 338-352.
[46] The Condition of College & Career Readiness ,2013
[47] ACT’s College Readiness System Meeting the Challenge of a Changing World , 2014 www.act.org/research/policymakers/pdf/NCSPolicyBrief.pdf.
[48] College and career readiness , A review and analysis conducted for Generation Next ,2013
[49] John T. E. Richardson. Students’ Approaches to Learning and Teachers’ Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education. Educational Psychology. Vol. 25, No. 6, December 2005, pp. 673–680
[50] GIOVANNI DE MICHELI. Hardware/Software Co-Design. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 85, NO. 3, MARCH 1997.
[51] Carlton, Martha P.,Winsler, Adam. School readiness: The need for a paradigm shift. School Psychology Review, Vol. 28(3), 1999. Special issue: Beginning school ready to learn: Parental involvement and effective educational programs. pp. 338-352.
[52] Barbara T. Bowman, M. Suzanne Donovan, and M. Susan Burns, Editors; Committee on Early Childhood Pedagogy; National Research Council. ISBN: 0-309-50389-2, 468 pages, 6 x 9, (2000)
[53] Meisels. Readiness for School-Educators’ Perceptions and the Australian early Development Index. JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIAN RESEARCH IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION. VORUME 15 ISSUE 2- 2008.
[54] Trigwell, K., & Prosser, M. (1993). Approaches adopted by teachers of first year university science courses. Research and Development in Higher Education, 14, 223–228.
[55] Edward A. Lee Guest Editorial in System Design Frontier, Volume 2, Number 1, January 2005 Shanghai Hometown Microsystems Inc http://www.hwswworld.com/
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Intisar Ibrahim, Rosmah Ali, Mohamad Zulkefli, Nazar Elfadil. (2015). Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges. American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Intisar Ibrahim; Rosmah Ali; Mohamad Zulkefli; Nazar Elfadil. Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges. Am. J. Embed. Syst. Appl. 2015, 3(1), 1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Intisar Ibrahim, Rosmah Ali, Mohamad Zulkefli, Nazar Elfadil. Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges. Am J Embed Syst Appl. 2015;3(1):1-10. doi: 10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11,
      author = {Intisar Ibrahim and Rosmah Ali and Mohamad Zulkefli and Nazar Elfadil},
      title = {Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges},
      journal = {American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-10},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajesa.20150301.11},
      abstract = {This paper discusses the challenges of teaching and design of embedded system course. A survey on different approaches of teaching embedded systems design course was presented. The embedded system design class/course is often the course in which students are exposed to fairly complex design problems. In this study, the authors explained the importance of teaching embedded systems courses in a way that can shrink the gap between academically taught skills and the skills sought after by the industry. The literature on embedded systems design was found to be diverse, including relatively small amounts of research data and much larger amounts of evaluation literature. Methodological rating schemes were used to compare for confounding influences in the research studies. Many studies were found but only few of them were included because of lack of methodological rigour in the research and poorly developed outcome measures. This paper suggested that by understanding the cognitive mindset of different discipline, suitable methods can be advised. These can be implemented not only in higher education institutions but also in industrial training. Comments and future work for further research are also listed.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Embedded Systems Pedagogical Issue: Teaching Approaches, Students Readiness, and Design Challenges
    AU  - Intisar Ibrahim
    AU  - Rosmah Ali
    AU  - Mohamad Zulkefli
    AU  - Nazar Elfadil
    Y1  - 2015/03/26
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11
    T2  - American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 10
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-6085
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20150301.11
    AB  - This paper discusses the challenges of teaching and design of embedded system course. A survey on different approaches of teaching embedded systems design course was presented. The embedded system design class/course is often the course in which students are exposed to fairly complex design problems. In this study, the authors explained the importance of teaching embedded systems courses in a way that can shrink the gap between academically taught skills and the skills sought after by the industry. The literature on embedded systems design was found to be diverse, including relatively small amounts of research data and much larger amounts of evaluation literature. Methodological rating schemes were used to compare for confounding influences in the research studies. Many studies were found but only few of them were included because of lack of methodological rigour in the research and poorly developed outcome measures. This paper suggested that by understanding the cognitive mindset of different discipline, suitable methods can be advised. These can be implemented not only in higher education institutions but also in industrial training. Comments and future work for further research are also listed.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Engineering Education School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, KL, Malaysia

  • Engineering Education School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, KL, Malaysia

  • Advanced Informatics School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, KL, Malaysia

  • College of Computing, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

  • Sections