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Implementing Adaptive Time-Triggered Co-Operative Scheduling Framework for Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems

Received: 6 September 2014     Accepted: 15 September 2014     Published: 30 September 2014
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Abstract

For many real-time embedded systems, Time-Triggered Co-operative (TTC) scheduling algorithms provide simple and reliable solution at low cost. Previous work in this area has focused on the development of a wide range of TTC implementations for various purposes (e.g. for achieving low-jitter characteristics, reducing CPU power consumption or dealing with task-overruns). Despite the great deal of work in this area, it can be said that each previous scheduler implementation was created to address only one particular problem in TTC algorithm. For applications which require extremely high degree of reliability, a combinational TTC architecture – that incorporates multiple features – can be an appropriate solution. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive, highly-predictable TTC scheduler that addresses both jitter and task-overrun problems simultaneously. Furthermore, the presented scheduler incorporates an online technique for measuring the practical “worst-case execution time” for each task during system runtime. The behavior of the proposed scheduler is compared with a set of previously developed schedulers in terms of timing jitter, task-overrun handling capability and resource requirements for practical real-time implementations.

Published in American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12
Page(s) 38-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Time-Triggered, Co-Operative, Cyclic Executive, Jitter, Worst Case Execution Time, Multiple Timer Interrupts, Task-Overrun, Task Guardian, Adaptive Scheduler

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  • APA Style

    Mouaaz Nahas, Ricardo Bautista-Quintero. (2014). Implementing Adaptive Time-Triggered Co-Operative Scheduling Framework for Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems. American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications, 2(4), 38-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12

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    ACS Style

    Mouaaz Nahas; Ricardo Bautista-Quintero. Implementing Adaptive Time-Triggered Co-Operative Scheduling Framework for Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems. Am. J. Embed. Syst. Appl. 2014, 2(4), 38-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12

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    AMA Style

    Mouaaz Nahas, Ricardo Bautista-Quintero. Implementing Adaptive Time-Triggered Co-Operative Scheduling Framework for Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems. Am J Embed Syst Appl. 2014;2(4):38-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12,
      author = {Mouaaz Nahas and Ricardo Bautista-Quintero},
      title = {Implementing Adaptive Time-Triggered Co-Operative Scheduling Framework for Highly-Predictable Embedded Systems},
      journal = {American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications},
      volume = {2},
      number = {4},
      pages = {38-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajesa.20140204.12},
      abstract = {For many real-time embedded systems, Time-Triggered Co-operative (TTC) scheduling algorithms provide simple and reliable solution at low cost. Previous work in this area has focused on the development of a wide range of TTC implementations for various purposes (e.g. for achieving low-jitter characteristics, reducing CPU power consumption or dealing with task-overruns). Despite the great deal of work in this area, it can be said that each previous scheduler implementation was created to address only one particular problem in TTC algorithm. For applications which require extremely high degree of reliability, a combinational TTC architecture – that incorporates multiple features – can be an appropriate solution. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive, highly-predictable TTC scheduler that addresses both jitter and task-overrun problems simultaneously. Furthermore, the presented scheduler incorporates an online technique for measuring the practical “worst-case execution time” for each task during system runtime. The behavior of the proposed scheduler is compared with a set of previously developed schedulers in terms of timing jitter, task-overrun handling capability and resource requirements for practical real-time implementations.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Mouaaz Nahas
    AU  - Ricardo Bautista-Quintero
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajesa.20140204.12
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    T2  - American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    AB  - For many real-time embedded systems, Time-Triggered Co-operative (TTC) scheduling algorithms provide simple and reliable solution at low cost. Previous work in this area has focused on the development of a wide range of TTC implementations for various purposes (e.g. for achieving low-jitter characteristics, reducing CPU power consumption or dealing with task-overruns). Despite the great deal of work in this area, it can be said that each previous scheduler implementation was created to address only one particular problem in TTC algorithm. For applications which require extremely high degree of reliability, a combinational TTC architecture – that incorporates multiple features – can be an appropriate solution. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive, highly-predictable TTC scheduler that addresses both jitter and task-overrun problems simultaneously. Furthermore, the presented scheduler incorporates an online technique for measuring the practical “worst-case execution time” for each task during system runtime. The behavior of the proposed scheduler is compared with a set of previously developed schedulers in terms of timing jitter, task-overrun handling capability and resource requirements for practical real-time implementations.
    VL  - 2
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Author Information
  • Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Tecnologico De Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico

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