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Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria

Received: 29 December 2022     Accepted: 25 January 2023     Published: 14 February 2023
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Abstract

The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in total leucocyte and neutrophil counts compared to Levamisole (2.5mg/kg) and the untreated group. A 100% ml/kg SHM (78.07%) also exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher oedema inhibitory potentials compared to the standard drug (levamisole = 65.78%). Samples of SHM demonstrated dose dependent antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
Page(s) 11-20
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Super-7 Herbal Mixture, Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture, Antimicrobial Claims, Immunostimulatory, Enugu, Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction (DTHr), The Primary, Secondary Humoral Response

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    Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu, Ugwu Malachy Chigozie, Nwobodo David Chinemerem, Enebechi Godson Uchenna, Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. (2023). Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. American Journal of BioScience, 11(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12

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    Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu; Ugwu Malachy Chigozie; Nwobodo David Chinemerem; Enebechi Godson Uchenna; Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Am. J. BioScience 2023, 11(1), 11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12

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    AMA Style

    Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu, Ugwu Malachy Chigozie, Nwobodo David Chinemerem, Enebechi Godson Uchenna, Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Am J BioScience. 2023;11(1):11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12,
      author = {Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu and Ugwu Malachy Chigozie and Nwobodo David Chinemerem and Enebechi Godson Uchenna and Emencheta Stephen Chijioke and Ugwu Chiamaka Belinda and Okoye Festus Basden Chiedu},
      title = {Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {11-20},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20231101.12},
      abstract = {The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (pB. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria
    AU  - Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu
    AU  - Ugwu Malachy Chigozie
    AU  - Nwobodo David Chinemerem
    AU  - Enebechi Godson Uchenna
    AU  - Emencheta Stephen Chijioke
    AU  - Ugwu Chiamaka Belinda
    AU  - Okoye Festus Basden Chiedu
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
    SP  - 11
    EP  - 20
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
    AB  - The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (pB. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants.
    VL  - 11
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    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Pharmacy Department, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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