| Peer-Reviewed

Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves

Received: 6 April 2020     Accepted: 29 April 2020     Published: 30 April 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This study evaluated the nutrient and essential oil compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia leaves. The leaves were carefully sorted and air-dried for 14 days at room temperature (20-25°C). The dried leaves were ground into powder using a grinding mill. Proximate composition, vitamins and physicochemical properties were analyzed using AOAC method while fatty acid and essential oil compositions were characterized using GC-MS. The proximate composition of the leaves showed higher carbohydrate content (80.97±0.03%) and moderate protein content (9.9±0.06%); while lipid (3.13±0.01%), fibre (1.30±0.01%), moisture (2.90±0.03%) and ash (1.89±0.02%) contents were low. Physicochemical properties of the oil revealed a high saponification value (238.43±0.84mg/KOH) and peroxide value (47.20±0.38mEq/kg). Fatty acid composition shows 83.69% saturated fatty acid with stearic acid (22.69±0.02%), myristic acid (18.54±0.01%) and palmitic acid (15.48±0.02%) as predominant fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acid composition was 9.72% with oleic acid (9.49±0.04%) and linolenic acid (0.23±0.01%) as predominant fatty acids. Vitamin composition also revealed higher concentrations of vitamins C (695.57±0.20mg/kg), B6 (70.33±0.88mg/kg), A (61.67±0.02mg/kg) and D (26.08±0.06mg/kg). Essential oil composition revealed a total of 24 compounds which include; long chain fatty acid, fatty acid methyl esters, hydrocarbons and alcoholic compound amongst which Neophytadiene (14.427%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.148%) and squalene (11.258%) were present in substantial amount. The proximate and essential oil compositions, vitamin content and physicochemical characteristics suggest that H. rotundifolia leaves have potential nutritional and medicinal value to man and animals.

Published in American Journal of BioScience (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11
Page(s) 28-36
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heterotis rotundifolia, Leaves, Proximate Composition, Vitamins, Fatty Acid, Essential Oils

References
[1] Arya, O. P., Pandey, A. and Samal, P. K. (2017). Ethnobotany and nutritional importance of four selected medicinal plants from Eastern Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 5 (1), 45-49.
[2] Odugbemi, T. (2008). A Textbook of Medicinal Plant. Akoka, Yaba-Lagos, Nigeria: University of Lagos Press.
[3] Pandey, M., Abidi, A. B., Singh, S. and Singh, R. P. (2006). Nutritional evaluation of leafy vegetable paratha. Journal of Human Ecology, 19 (2), 155-156.
[4] Shinwari, Z. K., Malik, S., Karim, A. M., Faisal, R. and Qaiser, M. (2015). Biological activities of commonly used medicinal plant from ghazi brotha, attock district. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 47 (1), 113-120.
[5] World Health Organization. (2005). Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, Revised, Geneva.
[6] Niranjan, R. M. and Kanaki, S. (2008). Bioactive molecules and Medicinal Plant, 349-369.
[7] Gushiken, L. S. F., Rozza, A. L., Vieira, A. J., Beserra, F. P. and Pellizon, C. H. (2016). Essential Oils and their use in skin wound healing. Natural Products Research Review, 3, 501-513.
[8] Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. (1990). Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Honolulu 210: University of Hawaii Press, Bishop Museum.
[9] Abere, T. A., Onwukaeme, D. N., Eboka, C. J. (2009). Pharmacognostic evaluation of the leaves of Dissotis rotundifolia Triana (Melastomataceae). African Journal of Biotechnology, (1), 113-115.
[10] Mshana, N. R., Abbiw, D. K., Addae-Mensah, I., Adjanouhoum, E., Ahiyi, M. R. A., Enow-Orock, A., Gbile, E. G., Nuamesi, Z. O., Odei, M. A., Odunlami, H., Oteng-Yeboah, A. A. E, Sarpong, K., Sofowara, A. and Tackie, A. N. (2000). Floristic studies in Ghana. OAU/STRC, pp. 1-459.
[11] Porembski, S. J., Szarzynski, J. P. M and Barrthlott, W. (1996). Biodiversity and vegetation of small-sized inselbergs in a West African rain forest (Tai, Ivory Coast). Journal of Biology. 23: 47-55.
[12] AOAC (1984). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th edition, USA: The William Byrd Press, Richmond, VA. pp. 600-721.
[13] AOAC (1990). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Analytical Chemists. 15th edition. Washington D. C, U.S.A. 1121-1180.
[14] Patel, J., Reddy, V., Kumar, G. S., Satyasai, D. and Bajari, B. (2017). Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy analysis of bioactive components in the leaf extract of Terminalia coriacea: A potential folklore medicinal plant. Internal Journal of Green Pharmacy. 11 (1), 140-143.
[15] Bayfield, R. F. and Cole, E. R. (1980). Colorimetric estimation of vitamin A with trichloroacetic acid. Journal of Research Methodologies, 67: 189-195.
[16] Roe, J. H. and Kuether, C. A. (1943). The determination of ascorbic acid in whole blood and urine through the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of dehydroascorbic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 147: 399-407.
[17] Rosenberg, H. R. (1992). Chemistry and Physiology of the Vitamins. New York: Interscience Publishers, pp. 452-453.
[18] Dool, V. D. H. and Kratz, P. D. (1963). A Generalization of the Retention Index System Including Linear Temperature Programmed Gas-Liquid Partition Chromatography. Journal Chromatography A, 11: 463-471.
[19] Edward, L. B and Wallenstein, M. (1965). National Standard Reference Data System Plan of Operation, 1, 12.
[20] Adams, R. P. (1995). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. New York: Allured Publishing.
[21] Ayevbuomwan, M. E., Irabor, F., Amiebonomoh, A. R. andOmeregie, E. S. (2017). Comparative study of proximate composition, In vitro Antioxidant activity and Phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Dissotis rotundifolialeaf and Detarium microcarpum stem bark. Nigerian Journal of Life Science, 7, (2), 53-72
[22] Asibey-Berko, E., Tayle, F. A. K. (1999). Proximate analysis of some underutilized Ghananian vegetables. Ghana Journal of Science, 39, 91-92.
[23] Takao, A., Ko, N. and Ichiro, T. (2006). Effect of carbohydrate accumulation on photosynthesis differs between sink and source leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47, 644-652
[24] Orhuamen, E. O., Olorunmaiye, K. S. and Adeyemi, C. O. (2012). Proximate analysis of fresh and dry leaves of Telefaira occidentalis (Hook. F) and Talanium triangulare (Jacq). Croatian Journal of Food Technology, Biotechnology and Nutrition, 7 (3), 188-191.
[25] Akpabio, U. D. and Ikpe, E. E. (2013). Proximate composition and nutrient analysis of Aneilema aequintoctiale leaves. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 3 (2), 55-61.
[26] Shemishere, U. B., Taiwo, J. E., Erhunse, N. and Omoregie, E. S. (2018). Comparative Study on the Proximate Analysis and Nutritional composition of Musanga cercropioides and Maesobotyra barteri leaves. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 22, (2), 287-291.
[27] Agumuo, E., Amadi, P., Ogunka-Nnoka, C., Amadi, B., Ifenacho, M. and Njoku, U. (2017). Characterization of oils from Duranta repens leaf and seed. Oilseeds and fats Crops and Lipids, 24 (6), A601.
[28] Aremu, M. O, Ibrahim, H. and Bamidele, T. O. (2015). Physicochemical Characteristics of the Oils Extracted from some Nigerian Plant Foods- A Review. Chemical and Process Engineering Research, 32, 36-52.
[29] World Health Organization (1995). Fats and Oils in Human Nutrition. Nutrition Reviews, 53 (7), 202-205.
[30] Abdalaziz, M. N., Ali, M. M., Garbi, M. I. and Kabbashi, A. S. (2017). Physicochemical and proximate analysis of Carum carvi. L. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research, 5 (2), 21-28.
[31] Belay, K. and Sisay, M. (2014). Phytochemical constituents and Physicochemical properties of medicinal plant (Moringa oleifera) around Bule Hora. International Journal off Innovation and Scientific Research, 8 (4), 88-98.
[32] CODEX-STAN. (1999). Codex Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (CODEX-STAN210-1999)
[33] Otvos, J. D., Jeyarajah, E. J. and Cromwell, W. C. (2002). Measurement issues related to lipoprotein heterogeneity. American Journal of Cardiology, 90, 22-29
[34] Offor, C. E. (2015). Determination of vitamin composition of Dissotis rotundifolia leaves. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 4 (1), 210-213.
[35] Maqbool, M. A., Aslam, M., Akbal, W. and Iqbal, Z. (2017). Biological importance of vitamins for human health: A review. Journal of Agriculture and Basic Science, 2 (3), 50-58.
[36] Adeosun, T. E., Ogunwande, I. A., Avoseh, O. N., Raji, I. P. and Lawal, O. A. (2017) Composition and Anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Jatropha curcas. Natural Product Communication, 12 (3), 439-440.
[37] Adeoye-Isijola, M. O., Olajiyiba, O. O., Jonathan, S. G. and Coopoosamy, R. M.(2018). Bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of Lentinus sqaurrosulusmont. A Nigerian medicinal macrofungus. African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15 (2), 42-50.
[38] Ammal, R. M. and Bai, G. V. S. (2013). GC-MS determination of bioactive constituents of Helitropium indicum leaf. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 1 (6), 30-33.
[39] Bihana, S., Dhiman, A., Singh, G. and Satija, S. (2018). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis of bioactive compounds in the whole plant parts of ethanolic extract of Asclepias curassavica L. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10, 107-114.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Charity Uchechi Ogunka-Nnoka, Jane Adaeze Agwu, Felix Uchenna Igwe. (2020). Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves. American Journal of BioScience, 8(2), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Charity Uchechi Ogunka-Nnoka; Jane Adaeze Agwu; Felix Uchenna Igwe. Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves. Am. J. BioScience 2020, 8(2), 28-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Charity Uchechi Ogunka-Nnoka, Jane Adaeze Agwu, Felix Uchenna Igwe. Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves. Am J BioScience. 2020;8(2):28-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11,
      author = {Charity Uchechi Ogunka-Nnoka and Jane Adaeze Agwu and Felix Uchenna Igwe},
      title = {Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves},
      journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
      volume = {8},
      number = {2},
      pages = {28-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20200802.11},
      abstract = {This study evaluated the nutrient and essential oil compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia leaves. The leaves were carefully sorted and air-dried for 14 days at room temperature (20-25°C). The dried leaves were ground into powder using a grinding mill. Proximate composition, vitamins and physicochemical properties were analyzed using AOAC method while fatty acid and essential oil compositions were characterized using GC-MS. The proximate composition of the leaves showed higher carbohydrate content (80.97±0.03%) and moderate protein content (9.9±0.06%); while lipid (3.13±0.01%), fibre (1.30±0.01%), moisture (2.90±0.03%) and ash (1.89±0.02%) contents were low. Physicochemical properties of the oil revealed a high saponification value (238.43±0.84mg/KOH) and peroxide value (47.20±0.38mEq/kg). Fatty acid composition shows 83.69% saturated fatty acid with stearic acid (22.69±0.02%), myristic acid (18.54±0.01%) and palmitic acid (15.48±0.02%) as predominant fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acid composition was 9.72% with oleic acid (9.49±0.04%) and linolenic acid (0.23±0.01%) as predominant fatty acids. Vitamin composition also revealed higher concentrations of vitamins C (695.57±0.20mg/kg), B6 (70.33±0.88mg/kg), A (61.67±0.02mg/kg) and D (26.08±0.06mg/kg). Essential oil composition revealed a total of 24 compounds which include; long chain fatty acid, fatty acid methyl esters, hydrocarbons and alcoholic compound amongst which Neophytadiene (14.427%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.148%) and squalene (11.258%) were present in substantial amount. The proximate and essential oil compositions, vitamin content and physicochemical characteristics suggest that H. rotundifolia leaves have potential nutritional and medicinal value to man and animals.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Nutrient and Essential Oil Compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia Leaves
    AU  - Charity Uchechi Ogunka-Nnoka
    AU  - Jane Adaeze Agwu
    AU  - Felix Uchenna Igwe
    Y1  - 2020/04/30
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11
    T2  - American Journal of BioScience
    JF  - American Journal of BioScience
    JO  - American Journal of BioScience
    SP  - 28
    EP  - 36
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0167
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20200802.11
    AB  - This study evaluated the nutrient and essential oil compositions of Heterotis rotundifolia leaves. The leaves were carefully sorted and air-dried for 14 days at room temperature (20-25°C). The dried leaves were ground into powder using a grinding mill. Proximate composition, vitamins and physicochemical properties were analyzed using AOAC method while fatty acid and essential oil compositions were characterized using GC-MS. The proximate composition of the leaves showed higher carbohydrate content (80.97±0.03%) and moderate protein content (9.9±0.06%); while lipid (3.13±0.01%), fibre (1.30±0.01%), moisture (2.90±0.03%) and ash (1.89±0.02%) contents were low. Physicochemical properties of the oil revealed a high saponification value (238.43±0.84mg/KOH) and peroxide value (47.20±0.38mEq/kg). Fatty acid composition shows 83.69% saturated fatty acid with stearic acid (22.69±0.02%), myristic acid (18.54±0.01%) and palmitic acid (15.48±0.02%) as predominant fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acid composition was 9.72% with oleic acid (9.49±0.04%) and linolenic acid (0.23±0.01%) as predominant fatty acids. Vitamin composition also revealed higher concentrations of vitamins C (695.57±0.20mg/kg), B6 (70.33±0.88mg/kg), A (61.67±0.02mg/kg) and D (26.08±0.06mg/kg). Essential oil composition revealed a total of 24 compounds which include; long chain fatty acid, fatty acid methyl esters, hydrocarbons and alcoholic compound amongst which Neophytadiene (14.427%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.148%) and squalene (11.258%) were present in substantial amount. The proximate and essential oil compositions, vitamin content and physicochemical characteristics suggest that H. rotundifolia leaves have potential nutritional and medicinal value to man and animals.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Department of Biochemistry, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Sections