Due to their superior qualities, graphene-based materials, particularly graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are increasingly used in various research areas. The unique thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of gra-phene nanocomposites have spurred significant research interest. Adsorption, a method known for its effectiveness and eco-friendliness, is a preferred technique for wastewater treatment over traditional methods. This area of research is supported by a variety of characterization techniques, including FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, XRD, Mass Spectrometry, and BET theory, which provide detailed insights into the structural and functional properties of these nanocomposites. This paper reviews the synthesis and analysis of GO and complex graphene nanocomposites, and explores their diverse ap-plications, particularly in water purification, as well as in biomedical and optical fields.

Graphene Oxide, Nanostructure, SEM, TEM, XRD