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The Effects of High and Low-Dose Cordyceps Militaris-Containing Mushroom Blend Supplementation After Seven and Twenty-Eight Days
Wesley David Dudgeon,
Dennison David Thomas,
William Dauch,
Timothy Paul Scheett,
Michael John Webster
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-7
Received:
30 November 2017
Accepted:
8 December 2017
Published:
12 January 2018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic performance effect of 1) low-dose mushroom blend supplementation (1.0 - 2.0 g/day) over a prolonged time period of 28 days compared to a placebo and 2) a higher dose of PeakO2 (12 g/day) for seven days compared to placebo supplementation. For Trial 1, 40 young adult (19-34 yrs) subjects met participation criteria and were randomized into one of two groups. The treatment group (T, n=23) consumed 1.0-2.0 g /day of mushroom blend (PeakO2) along with 2.0g of Gatorade powder for 28 days. The control group (C, n=17) consumed placebo (whole wheat flour) and Gatorade powder in identical fashion. At baseline each participant completed a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) test, which included a 5-minute economy state from minutes 3-8 along with a Wingate cycle ergometer test (peak power) at least 24 hrs later. Forty-three young adult subjects met participation criteria for Trial 2 and were randomized into one of two groups. T (n=29), consumed 12.0 g /day of mushroom blend (PeakO2) along with 12.0 g of Gatorade powder for one week. C (n=14) consumed placebo (whole wheat flour) and Gatorade powder in identical fashion There were no differences between groups in any variables at baseline. After 28 days of supplementation, T had a significant increase (< 0.05) in time to fatigue, a significant increase in VO2peak (p < 0.05) and a reduction in blood lactate (p < 0.05) during the economy phase. Analysis for trial 2 was conducted stratifying each group by VO2peak at baseline, in which the top 50% of each group was compared to the bottom 50% (Treatment top, MT, Treatment bottom, MB, Control top, CT, Control bottom, CB). The MB group experienced significant (p<0.05) increases in VO2peak. MB increased VO2max significantly (p < 0.05) while MT, CT, and CB did not change significantly. The MT group experienced a significant 3 bpm drop in economy HR from pre- to post-testing (p < 0.05). The PT demonstrated a significant 4.5% increase in peak power from pre- to post-testing (p < 0.05). No other changes were detected. These data suggest that longer duration, lower dose, supplementation of PeakO2 appears to improve endurance performance in apparently healthy young adults. Further, short duration supplementation of higher doses of PeakO2 may improve performance, but differing effects may occur based upon fitness level.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic performance effect of 1) low-dose mushroom blend supplementation (1.0 - 2.0 g/day) over a prolonged time period of 28 days compared to a placebo and 2) a higher dose of PeakO2 (12 g/day) for seven days compared to placebo supplementation. For Trial 1, 40 young adult (19-34 yrs) subjects met parti...
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Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Males and Females Practicing Swimming from Higher School of Zimbabwe
Dube Adiele,
Gundani Patrick Morgan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
8-11
Received:
16 January 2017
Accepted:
1 April 2017
Published:
17 January 2018
Abstract: An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect data relating to the prevalence and frequency of musculoskeletal injuries in Zimbabwean high school male and female swimmers. A questionnaire was administered on site thus ensuring that the response rate was 100 percent. Analysis of results revealed that of the 45 respondents there were 22 male (48.9%) and 23 female subjects (51.1%). A total of 27 swimmers (60% hence 16 male; 11 females); 59.26% and 40.74% respectively reported that they had musculoskeletal problems and pain mainly shoulder problems (males = 62% and females = 57.1%), followed by knee injuries (males = 20.6% and females = 16.7%), and low back pain region (males = 17.1% and females = 26.2%). There was a statistical significance in injury difference between male and female high school swimmers (t= 2.46, p= 0.031). Considering the difference of injuries with respect to strokes significant injuries difference were found in Back Strokes (p= 0.034) and Butterfly (p= 0.018). However, no significant difference were found in Breast Stroke (p= 0.567) and Crawl (p= 0.852). Musculoskeletal injuries are common in high school male and female swimmers. Correct stroke technique and stroke alterations may help to prevent injuries and care must be taken for their prevention and early safe return to play.
Abstract: An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect data relating to the prevalence and frequency of musculoskeletal injuries in Zimbabwean high school male and female swimmers. A questionnaire was administered on site thus ensuring that the response rate was 100 percent. Analysis of results revealed that of the 45 respondents there were 22 male (48...
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Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention Program on Nutritional Status and Health-Related Physical Fitness of Thai Older Adults in Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand
Boonlerst Outayanik,
Andre Seabra,
Edwin Rosenberg
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
12-19
Received:
1 November 2017
Accepted:
7 December 2017
Published:
31 January 2018
Abstract: Aging is frequently associated with a decrease in physical activity levels and consequently a decline in physical fitness, which may contribute to the development of osteoporosis, bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. This study sought to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity intervention program on nutritional status and health-related physical fitness among Thai older adults. Thirty five healthy elder volunteers in Bangkok city and metropolitan area (aged 61-78 years) completed an 8-week physical activity intervention that comprises a nine matrices exercise (NME) program (5 sessions per week of 30-60 minutes). Measurements were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks, and included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and health-related physical fitness tests (6-minute walk, chair sit-and-reach, arm curl, back scratch, chair stand and 8-ft up and go). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Pair sample t-test. The results found over an 8-week intervention study, participants significantly improved their weight (pre: 57.4±9.2; post: 56.7±9.0, P<0.003), BMI (pre: 22.40±0.5; post: 21.98±0.5, P<0.001,), cardiorespiratory fitness (pre: 447.9±38.1; post: 501.0±47.0, p=0.000), arm curl (pre: 15.8±2.9; post: 22.3± 3.8, p=0.000) and leg squat (pre: 13.4±1.7; post: 19.5±3.6, p=0.000) muscular strength, shoulder (pre: 0.4±7.6; post: 1.9±7.9, p=0.024) and lower back (pre: -0.8±10.5; post: 4.2±9.0, p=0.000) flexibility and agility and balance (pre: 8.2±0.5; post: 7.9±0.6, p= 0.000). Blood pressure did not change significantly during the study period (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated an 8-week NME program represents an effective strategy for improving nutritional status and health-related physical fitness of Thai older adults in Bangkok city and metropolitan area.
Abstract: Aging is frequently associated with a decrease in physical activity levels and consequently a decline in physical fitness, which may contribute to the development of osteoporosis, bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. This study sought to examine the effects of an 8-week physical activity intervention ...
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Laterality Preferences in Athletes: Insights from a Database of 1770 Male Athletes
Wei-Chun Wang,
Matthew DeLang,
Kelly Vittetoe,
Benjamin Ramger,
Susan Hilbig,
Lawrence Gregory Appelbaum
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
20-25
Received:
29 December 2017
Accepted:
30 January 2018
Published:
24 February 2018
Abstract: Laterality preferences are inherent in most sensory and motor activities, and sports are certainly one domain wherein these preferences might impact performance and outcomes. The fact that most individuals exhibit laterality preferences and that sporting demands differentially draw on these abilities makes the expression of these preferences in athletes a topic ripe for exploration. To fill this gap, the current report describes hand, foot, and eye laterality preferences in a large cohort of 1770 male athletes tested on the Nike Sensory Station assessment battery. Self-reported hand and foot preferences, as well as eye dominance measured through the Miles Test, were compared across athletes of different experience levels (middle/high school, college, professional athletes) and primary sports (baseball, basketball, football, hockey, soccer) to evaluate group differences in laterality preferences. Results revealed group differences, most notably a higher proportion of left-hand and left-foot preferences in professional baseball players. These findings offer new insight into the associations among laterality preferences in a large and diverse population of athletes.
Abstract: Laterality preferences are inherent in most sensory and motor activities, and sports are certainly one domain wherein these preferences might impact performance and outcomes. The fact that most individuals exhibit laterality preferences and that sporting demands differentially draw on these abilities makes the expression of these preferences in ath...
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Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry
Charles Rex Christopher Marks,
Cecelia Goulette
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
26-31
Received:
15 November 2017
Accepted:
15 December 2017
Published:
14 March 2018
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P <.001) and 2% to 4% for HR (P =.016). SB was non-significantly higher by 0.5% to 2.1% for SV (P =.358). In addition, there was a significant interaction with increasing differences between SB and C (1% to 6%) with higher intensities for CdO2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a...
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