Isolation and Purification of an Antibiotic Polyketide JBIR-99 from the Marine Fungus Meyerozyma guilliermondii by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography
Hankui Wu,
Zhen Su,
Jianguang Chen,
Yuanping Wang,
Xinyong You,
Kunpeng Zhang,
Xiaobin Li
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
52-57
Received:
28 June 2021
Accepted:
7 July 2021
Published:
15 July 2021
Abstract: JBIR-99 is a natural compound isolated from marine source which possesses strong antibiotic activity. An efficient approach using a combination of size exclusion chromatography with a Sephadex LH-20 and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully developed for the isolation and purification of a polyketide from the solid-state fermentation of Meyerozyma guilliermondii, a strain of marine fungus isolated from Indian Ocean. The active compound was isolated with purity >95% by HSCCC using an optimized solvent system composed of petroleum ether–ethyl acetate– 95% ethanol–water (5: 3: 5: 3, v/v/v/v) after size exclusion chromatography. This compound was successfully purified in the quantity of 68 mg from 120 mg of the crude extract. The structure of JBIR-99 was elucidated and assigned by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopic, and positive HRESITOFMS. Moreover, the relative configuration of compound JBIR-99, displaying a quite complex multi-ring structure, is determined by X-ray crystallography for the first time. The purification method developed for JBIR-99 will facilitate the further investigation and development of this antibiotic agent as a lead compound. Furthermore, it is suggested that the combination of size exclusion chromatography and HSCCC could be more widely applied for the isolation and purification of polyketides from marine fungi.
Abstract: JBIR-99 is a natural compound isolated from marine source which possesses strong antibiotic activity. An efficient approach using a combination of size exclusion chromatography with a Sephadex LH-20 and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) has been successfully developed for the isolation and purification of a polyketide from the solid...
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Correlation of Pain Intensity and Level of Disability with the Socio-demographic Characteristics in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain
Sami Salman Shihab,
Eman Qasim Khider
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
58-70
Received:
29 May 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
16 July 2021
Abstract: Background: Mechanical low back pains are pains occurred due to an anatomic or functional abnormality in the spine that is not associated with inflammatory or neoplastic disease. Socio-demographic characteristics for chronic low back pain are important cause of disability. Disability can be defined as a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. Subsequently, this interferes with quality of life and work performance with subsequent burden on a family and community. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with chronic mechanical low back pain and asses its relationship with pain intensity and level of disability. Patients with chronic mechanical low back pain who met inclusion criteria participated in this cross-sectional study. All demographic data were taken, and the patients have been classified according to their academic level, their social class according to national readership survey, assess pain severity according to visual analogue scale, and functional disability according to Quebec back pain disability scale. A significant association were found between the level of disability in chronic back pain and each of age, gender, BMI, educational level, residency place, job and type of work and associated comorbid illnesses. Chronic LBP intensity was associated with female gender, primary school education, manual workers and housewives, higher BMI, and disease duration of more than five years.
Abstract: Background: Mechanical low back pains are pains occurred due to an anatomic or functional abnormality in the spine that is not associated with inflammatory or neoplastic disease. Socio-demographic characteristics for chronic low back pain are important cause of disability. Disability can be defined as a restriction or lack of ability to perform an ...
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Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminants in Herbal Preparations Sold in Maseru, Lesotho
Relebohile Mautsoe,
Taelo Noko,
Oriel Hlokoane
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2021
Pages:
71-79
Received:
28 July 2021
Accepted:
10 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
Abstract: The majority of the populations, both from developed and developing countries, use herbal preparations for primary healthcare purposes. In particular, the use of herbal preparations in Lesotho is high due to inadequate healthcare facilities and inaccessibility of healthcare services. Herbal preparations are inexpensive, easily accessible and culturally accepted than conventional medicines. Although herbal preparations are popularly used, they could be contaminated with pathogenic microbes, toxic heavy metals and non-metals, agrochemical residues, mycotoxins and endotoxins and, thus World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that herbal preparations should be evaluated for safety, efficacy and potency so as to protect the consumers. This study was, therefore, designed to evaluate heavy metals and microbial contaminants in some of the commercially available herbal preparations in Maseru, Lesotho. A total of five herbal preparations were randomly purchased from different areas of Maseru at market price and were subjected to toxic heavy metals and microbial load analysis in accordance to International pharmacopeia and European pharmacopeia. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed to the isolated microorganisms. Our results revealed that all of the five herbal preparations were found to be contaminated with fungi beyond WHO limit, 103 CFU/ml. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also isolated in all the five herbal preparations. The isolated P. aeruginosa was found to be susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, clinically used antibiotics. There was no growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia from all the five herbal preparations. Again, total coliform count in three samples exceeded 103 CFU/ml, WHO safety limits. Finally, all herbal preparations complied with the limit test for chlorides; however, only two herbal preparations complied with the limit tests for total heavy metals, less than 20ppm. Therefore, this study reports and concludes that herbal preparations sold in Maseru could be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, acid radical’s impurities and toxic heavy metal metals. The testing of herbal preparations for microbial and heavy metal contaminants is highly recommended and, may become mandatory.
Abstract: The majority of the populations, both from developed and developing countries, use herbal preparations for primary healthcare purposes. In particular, the use of herbal preparations in Lesotho is high due to inadequate healthcare facilities and inaccessibility of healthcare services. Herbal preparations are inexpensive, easily accessible and cultur...
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