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Feasibility Study of Irrigation Development for Sustainable Natural Resources Management Under Changing Climate of Jabi Tehnan Woreda, Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
29-39
Received:
29 March 2021
Accepted:
27 April 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Irrigation development has been identified as one of the priority investment sectors in Ethiopia and the government has been implementing a number of efforts that enhance the planning and implementation of small-scale irrigation projects in the country. The aim was to identify the potential, feasibility and profitability of irrigation development for spices production mainly pepper in Jabi woreda of West-Gojjam, Amhara region. It has been observed that majority of the population, live in the rural area with crop production as the main livelihood option, arable land constitutes the largest portion of the ‘woreda’ land use type with cultivated land accounting for 49.8% (58,262 ha), uncultivable land 4.4% or 5,208 ha, natural forest 5.5% or 6,502 ha, bush land /scrubland and or natural pasture accounts 17.6% or 20,662 ha, settlement 9.3% or 10,931 ha and others account 13% or 15,389 ha. The altitude varies from 1400 to 2300 m a.s.l. This woreda is mostly characterized by Haplic Nitisols soil type which is highly productive type of soil in Ethiopia. In most of the fields, the slope gradient ranges from 0% to 5%. The project was studied to irrigate the command area through gravity close pipe conveyance system of surface irrigation with head work of wire division from Lah River. It was studied that about 45,595 ha is suitable irrigable land for surface irrigation of which about 45% (20,105 ha) of suitable land under Lah rive. An agronomic cropping pattern and production calendar of the farming system had identified for the sustainable supply of raw material for the agro-processing plant. Therefore, in the dry season using full irrigation 200ha pepper, 40ha rosemary and 10ha moringa had been under production whereas under rainfed with supplemental irrigation chickpea and field pea 130ha, white and black cumin 40ha and garlic 30ha was produced. The total investment cost of the project was estimated about ETH Birr 48.1 million. The implementation of the proposed irrigation project would require diversion of Lah River and 0.365 m3/sec of water was diverted from the river to the project command area. The minimum flow of the Lah River was 1.99 m3/sec at 95% probability. Thus, downstream impact of abstraction by the project was insignificant. Therefore, it could be concluded that there was no severe or immitigable impacts that could prevent the implementation of the proposed irrigation development.
Abstract: Irrigation development has been identified as one of the priority investment sectors in Ethiopia and the government has been implementing a number of efforts that enhance the planning and implementation of small-scale irrigation projects in the country. The aim was to identify the potential, feasibility and profitability of irrigation development f...
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Quantification of Biomass and Carbon Storage of the Herbaceous Stratum Around Refugee Camps: Case Study of Minawao Site in Cameroon
Paul Kodji,
Tchobsala,
Ibrahima Adamou
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
40-45
Received:
10 May 2021
Accepted:
27 May 2021
Published:
4 June 2021
Abstract: Degradation of the savannah region contributes indirectly to climatic changes. In order to come across the impacts of anthropogenic actions on the herbaceous stratum, a carbon stock estimation study was conducted in the Sahelian savannah of Cameroon. Herbaceous inventories were carried out in each plant formation and also in each transect demarcated from refugee sites. These inventories were carried out in a 10 m x 10 m plot. 5 circles with a radius of one (01) meter were delimited with a (01) ribbon in this quadrat. After data analysis in a laboratory, the wooded savannah (2.44±3.70 t/ha) shows the greatest amount of herbaceous biomass followed by the forest gallery (1.81±2.47 t/ha). The presence of a large quantity of carbon influence the locality of Zamay (0.54±0.10 tC/ha), meanwhile the village of Minawao present a very small quantity (0.23±0.11 tC/ha), where the refugees are settled. The impacts of the refugees are greater on carbon sequestration than those of the local populations. This study contributes to the understanding of carbon sequestration on the savannah region. To strengthen the potential of the herbaceous plants in this ecosystem are needed to minimize its degradation so that it can be a sustainable source of carbon stored by herbaceous.
Abstract: Degradation of the savannah region contributes indirectly to climatic changes. In order to come across the impacts of anthropogenic actions on the herbaceous stratum, a carbon stock estimation study was conducted in the Sahelian savannah of Cameroon. Herbaceous inventories were carried out in each plant formation and also in each transect demarcate...
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Study on Recycling and Reuse of Waste Materials in Building Industry
Guangru Du,
Ruinian Jiang
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
46-53
Received:
1 May 2021
Accepted:
24 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: Treatment of rapid growing large quantity of waste materials has been recognized as a major issue in the modern construction industry. It has great impact on both the efficiency and environment of construction projects. Recycling reduces original-resource production so that the environmental impact can be reduced. Simultaneously, recycling brings benefits to the economy. The United States has done a lot in recycling and reuse in building industry, but there are still some insufficient in this area. While China keeps more and more attention in recycling and will try hard to improve the proportion and widen the measures of recycling. From the perspective of these two counties, this paper describes the current state of recycling and reuse of waste materials in the building industry, analyzes the benefits, and puts forward the measures for reuse of waste materials. The paper indicates that the recycling and reuse of waste materials has multiple benefits. Waste materials can be used directly or reused through simple or complex processing, and they can be reused for the same purpose or for a different purpose from the original one. More efforts should be made in recycling and reuse of the construction waste materials.
Abstract: Treatment of rapid growing large quantity of waste materials has been recognized as a major issue in the modern construction industry. It has great impact on both the efficiency and environment of construction projects. Recycling reduces original-resource production so that the environmental impact can be reduced. Simultaneously, recycling brings b...
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Measuring the Economic Use Values of Recreation Resources in Protected Areas, Evidence from Nyerere National Park in Tanzania
Daudi Bigirwa,
Lukelo Roden Msese,
Rameck Rwakalaza,
Odass Bilame
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
54-65
Received:
11 May 2021
Accepted:
31 May 2021
Published:
7 June 2021
Abstract: Natural recreation resources play a central role in tourism activities in most part of the world as they are main source of tourist attractions. Despite this, little is known on the economic use values of natural recreation resources in Tanzania. Little information on the economic use values of natural recreational resources is attributed by market failure issues embedded with these resources as they belong to non-market goods and services which normally do not have actual market prices. In most instances these resources are considered free gifts of nature and in case they are priced their values are usually under estimated. Environmental valuation techniques can quantify the economic use value of non market goods and services such as natural recreation resources. This study employed the Individual Travel Cost Method to measure the economic use value of recreation resources in Nyerere National Park (NNP). Specifically, the study measured the consumer surplus per tourist per trip and estimated the annual recreation use value of the park. The study involved 215 tourists who were grouped into resident and non-resident tourists. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 and a Zero Truncated Poisson Regression Model was employed to estimate tourists’ demand function. The findings show that consumer surplus for resident, non-resident and when the two groups were combined together were $62.25, $490.48 and $517.01 respectively. The annual recreation use value for resident, non-resident and both resident and non-resident tourists were respectively $89,017.5, $4,255,404.48 and $7,251,661.36. The recreational value estimated in this study underscores the significance of conserving recreation resources in NNP. It also demonstrates that recreation activities can contribute significantly to the country economy like other economic activities thus natural recreation resources should not be underrated due to their embedded market failures. The study concludes that NNP has a significant economic value which calls for the responsible institutions in the country to properly manage the park so as to ensure a continuous flow of these benefits. Specifically, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and Tanzania National Parks could use the findings of this study to improve tourism activities in NNP and the country at large by designing sustainable nature based tourism strategies which meet tourists’ preferences and country tourism goals. This will attract more tourists in the country which will increase the recreation values of NNP and other natural recreation areas.
Abstract: Natural recreation resources play a central role in tourism activities in most part of the world as they are main source of tourist attractions. Despite this, little is known on the economic use values of natural recreation resources in Tanzania. Little information on the economic use values of natural recreational resources is attributed by market...
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Urban Cleanliness a Bottom-up Approach: Perspectives from Shopkeepers
Gauri Modwel,
Sudhir Kumar Jain
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
66-76
Received:
22 May 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: The most important visible difference between a developed country and a developing country is the level of cleanliness as witnessed by the people. Most of the NRIs give preference to cleanliness and continue to live abroad. If India could be a clean country, it would be an equally preferred place to live for majority of the NRIs as well as those who live here but aspire to go abroad or live there. Filthiness adversely affects the health and leads to unavoidable diseases. Further, in clean India, the tourist traffic from developed as well as all other countries will also increase, which will substantially enhance foreign exchange earnings for the nation and, simultaneously, generate significant employment. In this context, this paper is attempted to emphasize problem of lack of cleanliness encompassing waste management and littering in Delhi which is capital of India. The main aim of this paper is to seek opinions from one of the important stakeholders, i.e. shopkeepers, based on important parameters of cleanliness as ways to ensure total cleanliness, limitations or constraints towards lack of cleanliness and extent of contribution towards creation of garbage in the various major markets of Delhi, capital of India. This is empirical research paper based on exploratory research. In this paper, purposive sampling method is used to select sample of shopkeepers of the market of 4 regions in Delhi. Three categories of shopkeepers were surveyed through structured questionnaire. First category of shopkeepers surveyed had up to 5 employees. Second category was the ones which had 6-20 employees and the third category of shopkeepers has more than 20 employees. To test the hypothesis that shopkeepers with up to 5 employees, 6-20 employees and more than 20 employees have statistically significant different opinions regarding cleanliness, an independent t- test is performed. After testing hypothesis, it is concluded that the opinion of all three categories of shopkeepers from different markets in Delhi on all parameters, ways to ensure total cleanliness, limitations or constraints towards lack of cleanliness and extent of contribution towards creation of garbage, are not statistically significantly different therefor all the 3 categories of shopkeepers are having consensus. Hence, based on these findings, there is future scope of preparing paper on policy recommendations for cleanliness in Delhi to the state government.
Abstract: The most important visible difference between a developed country and a developing country is the level of cleanliness as witnessed by the people. Most of the NRIs give preference to cleanliness and continue to live abroad. If India could be a clean country, it would be an equally preferred place to live for majority of the NRIs as well as those wh...
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