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Evaluation of Local Pour Point Depressant on Waxy Crude Oil
Solomon Williams,
Osokogwu Uche
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
30-38
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
15 February 2022
Published:
31 March 2022
Abstract: Pour point of crude oil has been a huge concern in flow assurance at some stage in crude oil production and transportation. Pour point depressants are used as chemical additives when transporting crude oils at temperatures below their pour point to prevent the fluid not to flow. Various chemical additives which are synthetic products are quite expensive for usage. This study utilizes oil extracted from plant waste material such orange peel (OP) and soya bean husk (SBH) as pour point depressants for Nigerian waxy crude oil. Effects of plant extracts on pour point of the two crude oil samples A and B were investigated using pour point apparatus. The waxy crude oil sample without pour point depressant, waxy crude oil sample doped with soya bean husk oil (SBHO), waxy crude oils sample doped with orange peel oil (OPO) and waxy crude oil sample doped with toluene gave pour point values of 86°F, 75.5°F, 64.48°F and 75.5°F then and 80.6°F, 75.2°F, 59°F and 80.6°F at 2800 ppm for waxy crude oil samples A and B respectively. The results obtained revealed that the oils extracted from these agricultural waste product could depress the pour points of the crude oil appreciably while orange peel oil (OPO) exhibited highest depression ability, however OPO which performed better than soya bean husk oil (SBHO) and Toluene and OPO could be a good substitute for pour point depressants for waxy crude oil.
Abstract: Pour point of crude oil has been a huge concern in flow assurance at some stage in crude oil production and transportation. Pour point depressants are used as chemical additives when transporting crude oils at temperatures below their pour point to prevent the fluid not to flow. Various chemical additives which are synthetic products are quite expe...
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Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Including Reversible and Irreversible Losses
Abdelkader Detti,
Elodie Pahon,
Nadia Yousfi Steiner,
Samir Jemei,
Laurent Bouillaut,
Allou Badara Same,
Daniel Hissel
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
39-46
Received:
21 February 2022
Accepted:
9 March 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: Today the world is full of time-dependent phenomena in all fields: physics, chemistry, mechanics and many others. Time acts on the performance of any system whatever its nature is. Moreover, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising alternatives to conventional power sources due to their high energy density and zero gas emission. However, this technology is still not sufficiently mature to reach large-scale deployment due to its limited lifespan. To extend the lifespan, the “Prognosis and Health Management” discipline has been developed, which is considered to be efficient in improving the reliability, durability and maintainability of fuel cell systems. However, it involves a deep understanding of the reversible and irreversible degradation phenomena and their impacts on fuel cell performance. Based on this, this paper deals with analyses of reversible and irreversible degradation. The criticalities of these losses and their impacts on the fuel cell lifetime are underlined with a useful lifetime estimation based on an autoregressive moving average model. Indeed, to do so, three scenarios are studied. First, the remaining useful life is predicted by taking into account only reversible degradation, and this gives the minimum lifetime. Second, the real remaining useful life is estimated by taking into account both reversible and irreversible degradation. Finally, the maximum lifetime that can be reached is estimated by taking into account only irreversible degradation.
Abstract: Today the world is full of time-dependent phenomena in all fields: physics, chemistry, mechanics and many others. Time acts on the performance of any system whatever its nature is. Moreover, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising alternatives to conventional power sources due to their high energy density and zero gas emission. However, t...
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Comparison of Two Methods for Optimizing the Electricity Production Cost for Rural Electrification: Case of PV/Biogas Generator Hybrid Power Plant in Burkina Faso
Moussa Tissologo,
Seydou Ouedraogo,
Ratousiri Arnaud Abdel Aziz Valea,
Fréderic Ouattara,
Ayité Senah Akoda Ajavon
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
47-55
Received:
23 March 2022
Accepted:
18 April 2022
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: In fossil fuels depletion and climate change context, converting renewable energies into electricity is an asset for the electrification in West Africa rural areas. However, the massive production of electricity from renewable energies still comes up against a high cost per kWh of electricity produced. The optimization method choice is essential in the feasibility study of electrification projects with a view to achieve a cost per kWh of electricity that is bearable for both, the users and the project implementation structure. In this study, the optimization methods of genetic algorithm and that of the Homer software are compared in order to determine which is the best for the production cost optimization of an hybrid power plant at the Dori site, located in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, in West Africa. The electricity production cost optimization on this site, by the two methods showed that the genetic algorithm method is the best indicated with kWh cost of $0.589 against a kWh cost of $0.620 for the Homer software. With both methods, the amount of CO2 equivalent avoided from being emitted into the atmosphere is the same, i.e. 161127 tons per year. The genetic algorithm optimization method is best suited for the study of rural electrification projects in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso.
Abstract: In fossil fuels depletion and climate change context, converting renewable energies into electricity is an asset for the electrification in West Africa rural areas. However, the massive production of electricity from renewable energies still comes up against a high cost per kWh of electricity produced. The optimization method choice is essential in...
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Dynamic Line Rating Solution: Deployment Opportunities for the Power Transmission Grid of Vietnam
Xuan Truong Nguyen,
Tien Dat Nguyen
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
56-67
Received:
14 January 2022
Accepted:
23 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: Power system usually have standard static ratings (SLR) that determines load constraints. It refers to the maximum allowable conductor ampacity pre-determined by worst-case conditions (high ambient temperature, maximum solar radiation, and low wind speed) of their overhead transmission lines, that rises the line’s temperature without infringing ground clearance and causing loss of conductor tensile strength. Line’s dynamic capacity is created as an alternative to standard constant rating that is designed with reference to extreme weather and load conditions. Dynamic line rating allows assets the real power line’s operating capacity using available information on weather conditions. DLR is hence often more flexible than SLR, that have a chance of extending capacity of existing power lines for some periods of time with favorable weather conditions for transportation higher electrical power capacity from production site to the load. This paper investigates the possibility of using dynamic line rating (DLR) to expand the existing power transmission capacity of overhead lines which can be implemented on 220 kV transmission lines in Vietnam, especially in some line areas with high-density of renewable energy integration. This work applies a DLR caculation models to determine the power lines’ additional theoretical ampacity obtained by using this methodology for a Ninh Thuan region with distinct conditions regarding i) weather database, ii) topography and iii) wind and solar power resource. The results show that the dynamic rating is predominantly higher than the static rating, which potentially enhances the system’s reliability. This research provides a comprehensive study of literature on dynamic line rating, current constraints on the power system based on the geography of Vietnam, and analysis in Python and Matlab environment of real-time weather databases applied to dynamic rating on a proposed case study.
Abstract: Power system usually have standard static ratings (SLR) that determines load constraints. It refers to the maximum allowable conductor ampacity pre-determined by worst-case conditions (high ambient temperature, maximum solar radiation, and low wind speed) of their overhead transmission lines, that rises the line’s temperature without infringing gro...
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