Research Article
G6PD Deficiency and Malaria in Sudan: Advancing Precision Public Health Through Novel Diagnostic Technologies and Implementation Strategies
Naif Taleb Ali*
,
Safa Omer Mohamad Salih Awad Allah,
Noor Mahmoud Ali
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
95-101
Received:
22 February 2025
Accepted:
20 September 2025
Published:
17 December 2025
Abstract: The coexistence of malaria and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency presents a critical therapeutic challenge in Sudan. This review systematically assesses G6PD enzyme activity among Sudanese malaria patients, focusing on prevalence, genetic epidemiology, and implications for 8-aminoquinoline-based therapies. We conducted a systematic literature review of multiple databases and institutional reports from 2000 to 2025. Our synthesis reveals a high and heterogeneous prevalence of G6PD deficiency (10-20% across different states), dominated by Mediterranean and A- variants. Recent 2025 evidence clarifies that this protective effect against P. falciparum is significant specifically in populations with high (>13%) G6PD deficiency prevalence, explaining the evolutionary persistence of this trait in Sudan. A critical finding is the inadequacy of current qualitative rapid diagnostic tests for detecting intermediate deficiencies, particularly in heterozygous females. Crucially, 2025 meta-analyses identify the STANDARD G6PD Test as a superior quantitative point-of-care solution, while Sudanese implementation studies demonstrate that AI-driven clinical decision support can increase protocol adherence to 96.8%. We conclude with an evidence-based, phased implementation framework for integrating quantitative G6PD testing into national programs. Urgent investment in these advanced diagnostics, coupled with further safety research and digital support tools, is paramount for optimizing patient safety, ensuring equitable treatment access, and achieving malaria elimination goals in Sudan.
Abstract: The coexistence of malaria and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency presents a critical therapeutic challenge in Sudan. This review systematically assesses G6PD enzyme activity among Sudanese malaria patients, focusing on prevalence, genetic epidemiology, and implications for 8-aminoquinoline-based therapies. We conducted a systemati...
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Review Article
Evaluation of Conjunctivitis Clinical Practice Guidelines:
An Analysis of Quality and Treatment Proposals
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
102-111
Received:
3 January 2025
Accepted:
10 February 2025
Published:
29 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijcems.20251106.12
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Abstract: Introduction: Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergens. It represents a significant portion of healthcare visits worldwide and is often self-limiting. However, it can cause considerable discomfort and lead to economic burdens, including medical expenses and lost productivity. Therefore, it is essential to develop and implement clear clinical practice guidelines to ensure appropriate management and avoid unnecessary interventions. Objective: This study aimed to identify and evaluate clinical practice guidelines for the management of acute primary conjunctivitis, focusing on their quality and practical applicability. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases to identify relevant clinical practice guidelines. The quality of each guideline was assessed using an established evaluation method that examines six key domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independence. Results: The search identified ten clinical practice guidelines, of which four were considered suitable for recommendation. The guidelines received the lowest scores in applicability and rigor of development, while clarity of presentation and editorial independence received the highest ratings. All guidelines emphasized non-pharmacological therapy as the preferred first-line treatment. Conclusion: Although four guidelines were recommended, their overall quality fell short of expectations, particularly in applicability and long-term intervention follow-up. These findings underscore the need for improvements to enhance the practical implementation and effectiveness of treatment strategies.
Abstract: Introduction: Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergens. It represents a significant portion of healthcare visits worldwide and is often self-limiting. However, it can cause considerable discomfort and lead to economic burdens, including medical expenses and lost productivity. Therefore...
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