Abstract: Consumer dispute resolution by the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) of Makassar City which is carried out through mediation or conciliation or arbitration, has not been running optimally due to various obstacles, namely the constraint of legal substance, namely the BPSK Decision is Final and Binding, but can still be objected to in court, the consumer protection law was born in the era of centralized government, while reform demands the need for a government based on regional autonomy, as a result the consumer protection law, especially that related to the existence of BPSK as stated in Article 49 paragraph (1), has become weak due to the creation of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, there is no Standard Operating Procedure regarding the implementation of BPSK duties and authorities, there is no regulation regarding the procedure for executing BPSK decisions. Technical operational obstacles, namely office facilities do not support and the operational budget is very limited, even for certain things it is not available.Abstract: Consumer dispute resolution by the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK) of Makassar City which is carried out through mediation or conciliation or arbitration, has not been running optimally due to various obstacles, namely the constraint of legal substance, namely the BPSK Decision is Final and Binding, but can still be objected to in court, ...Show More
Abstract: The work is devoted to a new approach to ensuring the enforcement of international treaties and agreements. As you know, there are no real guarantees for the fulfillment of treaties in the field of international politics, just as there are no coercive measures to fulfill political obligations and security guarantees. Just as in the physical world, the forces of nature force material systems to return to equilibrium, in both local and global economic systems, the market plays the same function as the main tool for preventing shocks and overcoming their consequences. This publication offers a set of ideas describing the use of economic methods in solving the problems of preventing military action. Among these methods, special attention is paid to sub bonds (Suirprize Attack bonds), which can be useful as a safeguard against sudden aggression, they also mitigate the socio-political and military consequences for the victim of an attack.Abstract: The work is devoted to a new approach to ensuring the enforcement of international treaties and agreements. As you know, there are no real guarantees for the fulfillment of treaties in the field of international politics, just as there are no coercive measures to fulfill political obligations and security guarantees. Just as in the physical world, ...Show More