Abstract: Retropharyngeal emphysema is a severe condition which may be life-threatening requiring urgent diagnosis and intervention. This condition may occur with subcutaneous emphysema of the cervical region and may also be complicated by mediastinal emphysema and pneumomediastinum. A 9-year-old Nigerian boy was admitted into the emergency unit of a foremost teaching hospital in South Western Nigeria with a 5-hour history of progressively worsening dyspnoea. There was a history of foreign body ingestion - a round plastic ball bearing. Several attempts to remove the foreign body were made by thrusting the fingers down his throat while holding him in a head down position. Urgent x-rays of the neck and chest were performed. The lateral x-ray of the soft tissue neck revealed widening lucency within the prevertebral soft tissue from the basiocciput, extending below the 7th cervical vertebra; which was indicative of spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema. Streaks of air were also seen in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck. Retropharyngeal emphysema is seldom thought of by clinicians as a differential in the management of patients presenting with acute upper aerodigestive tract conditions. Health education to increase public awareness of the potential ills of some ‘socio-cultural’ practices is of paramount importance in order to reduce the incidence of this potentially life-threatening condition in pediatrics.Abstract: Retropharyngeal emphysema is a severe condition which may be life-threatening requiring urgent diagnosis and intervention. This condition may occur with subcutaneous emphysema of the cervical region and may also be complicated by mediastinal emphysema and pneumomediastinum. A 9-year-old Nigerian boy was admitted into the emergency unit of a foremos...Show More
Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder of women in reproductive age characterized by clinical and biochemical disorders, and it´s main symptoms might appear from adolescnce. PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is characterized by menstrual disorders (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea), anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic change of ovaries. Insulin-resistant hyperinsulinism is an important extrinsic factor in the steroidogenic dysregulation of PCOS and lowers the treatment of ovulation. I investigate the relation between hyperinsulinemia and PCOS and the effect of metformin, insulin sensitizer in treatment of PCOS by case-control study of 30 patients with clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS and 30 women with regular menstrual cycles. Patients with PCOS had hyperinsulinemia compared with control group significantly. The ovulation rate of laparoscopic ovarian drilling plus metformin therapy was 95.5% (21/22).Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder of women in reproductive age characterized by clinical and biochemical disorders, and it´s main symptoms might appear from adolescnce. PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is characterized by menstrual disorders (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea), anovulation, hyperandrogenism and polycystic change of o...Show More