Abstract: Background: More than 4 billion people worldwide still lack social protection. However, the policy provides a framework for collaboration and coordination within the social protection system, aiming to deliver various services through an organized structure at all levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess willingness to pay for social health insurance and its associated factors among public servants in Lideta Sub-city; Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 15 to November15/2023 using systematic random sampling among 381 permanent public servants in Lideta sub-city of Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Participants were interviewed using a structured pretested closed questionnaire to obtain detail data from respondents for different variables. The data was entered into the Kobo toolbox and exported to SPSS version 26.00 for analysis. Descriptive analysis and cross tabulation was done to see the picture of the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done at 95% of confidence interval. Those variables with P-value less than 0.05 along with their Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were declared as a predictor of the outcome variables in the study. Results: A total of 381 government employees completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 100 %. Overall, 64.3% of respondents were willing to pay the proposed premium (3% of their monthly salary). Public servant who knew social health insurance scheme [AOR= 2.24, (95% CI: 1.31, 3.82)], those have good knowledge [AOR= 4.23, (95% CI: 2.15, 8.32)], those had a history of chronic disease [AOR= 2.46, (95% CI: 1.16, 5.21)] were associated with willingness to pay for social health insurance. Conclusions: The willingness to pay 3% of the monthly gross salary for social health insurance was 64.3 %. Public servant who knew social health insurance, having good knowledge and history of previous chronic diseases are identified as predictors of willingness to pay for social health insurance. Thus, the government of Ethiopia and Addis Ababa city administration recommended starting social health insurance. In addition qualitative study will be further recommended to get the detail investigation.
Abstract: Background: More than 4 billion people worldwide still lack social protection. However, the policy provides a framework for collaboration and coordination within the social protection system, aiming to deliver various services through an organized structure at all levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess willingness to pay for social ...Show More
Salaheldin Farah Attallah Bakhiet*,Ghadeer Abdalhaleem Nimer Almustafa,Edward Dutton,Guy Madison,Ismael Salamah Albursan,Mohammad Farhan Al Qudah,Mohammed Mohammed Ateik AL khadher,Yousif Balil Bashir Maki,Mohammad Adnan Ejbara
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
31-38
Received:
27 February 2025
Accepted:
10 March 2025
Published:
22 May 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.bsi.20251002.12
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Abstract: There is growing evidence that the Flynn Effect, the secular rise in IQ scores that was observed across the twentieth century, has reached a plateau and has even gone into reverse in many Western countries. However, several recent studies report an ongoing Flynn Effect in developing countries, especially in those in the Arab world. Here we compare two samples from 2012 (N = 350) and 2021 (N = 1,491) of children in the Kingdom of Jordan. The children were 4, 5 and 6 years old and were randomly selected from kindergartens in the north, central and south of Jordan. They were administered the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), a test which is designed for this age group. Factor analyses exhibited very similar factors loadings across samples and subtests, indicating high construct validity. Comparing effect sizes for the difference between the samples in both total and subtest scores, we find no evidence of any change in intelligence between the two samples. We explore the possible reasons for this apparent cessation of the Flynn Effect in Jordan among which may be the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the 2021 sample. We conclude that there is little reason to think that this would have interfered with how representative the sample was.
Abstract: There is growing evidence that the Flynn Effect, the secular rise in IQ scores that was observed across the twentieth century, has reached a plateau and has even gone into reverse in many Western countries. However, several recent studies report an ongoing Flynn Effect in developing countries, especially in those in the Arab world. Here we compare ...Show More