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Low Level Carbon Detection in Steel Alloys Based on Optimization of Observation Conditions of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Ambient Air

Received: 10 May 2016     Accepted: 20 July 2016     Published: 6 August 2016
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Abstract

In this study, we present results regarding the application of a relatively simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) technique working in the UV/visible spectral region for the rapid, direct and sensitive quantification of the element carbon in steel alloys under ambient air standard conditions. We carry out further optimization studies and investigate the influence of the gate delay time of the electron multiplier charged-coupled device (EMCCD) detector on the emission properties, namely signal and background intensities as well as signal-to-background ratio (SBR), of the previously selected CI 396.14 nm spectral line. Moreover, we study and compare various methods employed to construct analytical calibration functions of the carbon line under investigation. Furthermore, the analytical figures of merit are evaluated in each case.

Published in World Journal of Applied Physics (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12
Page(s) 16-19
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Detection, Carbon, Steel, LIBS, Air

References
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[2] J. Aguilera, C. Aragon, J. Campos, Determination of Carbon Content in Steel Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. 46 (1992) 1382–1387.
[3] R. Sattmann, V. Sturm, R. Noll, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Steel Samples Using Multiple Q-Switch Nd:YAG Laser Pulses, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28 (1995) 21812187.
[4] A. Gonzalez, M. Ortiz, and J. Campos, Determination of Sulfur Content in Steel by Laser-Produced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Appl. Spectrosc. 49 (1995) 1632–1635.
[5] V. Sturm, L. Peter, R. Noll, Steel Analysis with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Appl. Spectrosc. 54 (2000) 1275–1278.
[6] M. Khater, P. van Kampen, J. Costello, J-P. Mosnier, E. Kennedy, Time-integrated laser-induced plasma spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet for the quantitative elemental characterization of steel alloys, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 (2000) 2252–2262.
[7] M. Hemmerlin, R. Meilland, H. Falk, P. Wintjens, L. Paulard, Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry for Steel Analysis  Comparison with Spark-Optical Emission Spectrometry Figures of Merit. Spectrochim. Acta B 56 (2001), 661669.
[8] M. Khater, J. Costello, E. Kennedy, Optimization of the Emission Characteristics of Laser-Produced Steel Plasmas in the Vacuum Ultraviolet: Significant Improvements in Carbon Detection Limits, Appl. Spectrosc. 56 (2002) 970–983.
[9] L. Peter, V. Sturm, R. Noll, Liquid Steel Analysis with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Appl. Opt. 42 (2003) 6199–6204.
[10] I. Radivojevic, C. Haisch, R. Niessner, S. Florek, H. Becker-Ross, U. Panne, Microanalysis by Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 1648–1656.
[11] M. Khater, Application of Laser-ablated Plasmas to Compositional Analysis of Steel in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, J. Kor. Phys. Soc. 58 (2011) 1581–1586.
[12] M. Khater, Spatial characteristics of vacuum UV emission from laser–induced plumes in air, Appl. Surf. Sci. 286 (2013) 156–160.
[13] A. A. M. Habib, Calculation of the mean probability of photon capture for vacuum UV line emission of fluorine in the case of a thermal plasma mixture, Spectrochim. Acta Part B 96 (2014) 74–79.
[14] X. Jiang, P. Hayden, J. T. Costello, E. T. Kennedy, Double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with ambient gas in the vacuum ultraviolet: Optimization of parameters for detection of carbon and sulfur in steel, Spectrochim. Acta Part B 101 (2014) 106–113.
[15] Y. Ishibashi, Rapid Analysis of Steel by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry with Laser Ablation Solid Sampling, ISIJ Int. 37 (1997) 885891.
[16] F. De Lucia, Jr., J. Gottfried, A. Miziolek, Analysis of Carbon and Sulfur in Steel Samples Using Bench Top Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), General Books LLC, 2011.
[17] C. M. Ahamer, S. Eschlböck-Fuchs, P. J. Kolmhofer, R. Rössler, N. Huber, J. D. Pedarnig, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of major and minor oxides in steel slags: Influence of detection geometry and signal normalization, Spectrochim. Acta Part B 122 (2016) 157–164.
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  • APA Style

    Mohamed A. Khater. (2016). Low Level Carbon Detection in Steel Alloys Based on Optimization of Observation Conditions of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Ambient Air. World Journal of Applied Physics, 1(1), 16-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12

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    ACS Style

    Mohamed A. Khater. Low Level Carbon Detection in Steel Alloys Based on Optimization of Observation Conditions of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Ambient Air. World J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 1(1), 16-19. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12

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    AMA Style

    Mohamed A. Khater. Low Level Carbon Detection in Steel Alloys Based on Optimization of Observation Conditions of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Ambient Air. World J Appl Phys. 2016;1(1):16-19. doi: 10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12,
      author = {Mohamed A. Khater},
      title = {Low Level Carbon Detection in Steel Alloys Based on Optimization of Observation Conditions of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in Ambient Air},
      journal = {World Journal of Applied Physics},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {16-19},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjap.20160101.12},
      abstract = {In this study, we present results regarding the application of a relatively simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) technique working in the UV/visible spectral region for the rapid, direct and sensitive quantification of the element carbon in steel alloys under ambient air standard conditions. We carry out further optimization studies and investigate the influence of the gate delay time of the electron multiplier charged-coupled device (EMCCD) detector on the emission properties, namely signal and background intensities as well as signal-to-background ratio (SBR), of the previously selected CI 396.14 nm spectral line. Moreover, we study and compare various methods employed to construct analytical calibration functions of the carbon line under investigation. Furthermore, the analytical figures of merit are evaluated in each case.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Mohamed A. Khater
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    T2  - World Journal of Applied Physics
    JF  - World Journal of Applied Physics
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjap.20160101.12
    AB  - In this study, we present results regarding the application of a relatively simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic (LIBS) technique working in the UV/visible spectral region for the rapid, direct and sensitive quantification of the element carbon in steel alloys under ambient air standard conditions. We carry out further optimization studies and investigate the influence of the gate delay time of the electron multiplier charged-coupled device (EMCCD) detector on the emission properties, namely signal and background intensities as well as signal-to-background ratio (SBR), of the previously selected CI 396.14 nm spectral line. Moreover, we study and compare various methods employed to construct analytical calibration functions of the carbon line under investigation. Furthermore, the analytical figures of merit are evaluated in each case.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt

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