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Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water

Received: 20 May 2018     Accepted: 1 June 2018     Published: 25 June 2018
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Abstract

This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
Page(s) 41-55
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Conventional Coagulation (CC), Enhanced Coagulation (EC), Alkaline Coagulation, Alum, Lime; Ferric Chloride

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. (2018). Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(2), 41-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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    ACS Style

    Souaad Djezzar; Djamel Ghernaout; Hakima Cherifi; Abdulaziz Alghamdi; Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 3(2), 41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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    AMA Style

    Souaad Djezzar, Djamel Ghernaout, Hakima Cherifi, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Badia Ghernaout, et al. Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water. World J Appl Chem. 2018;3(2):41-55. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12,
      author = {Souaad Djezzar and Djamel Ghernaout and Hakima Cherifi and Abdulaziz Alghamdi and Badia Ghernaout and Mohamed Aichouni},
      title = {Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water},
      journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {41-55},
      doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20180302.12},
      abstract = {This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Conventional, Enhanced, and Alkaline Coagulation for Hard Ghrib Dam (Algeria) Water
    AU  - Souaad Djezzar
    AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
    AU  - Hakima Cherifi
    AU  - Abdulaziz Alghamdi
    AU  - Badia Ghernaout
    AU  - Mohamed Aichouni
    Y1  - 2018/06/25
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
    T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 41
    EP  - 55
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2637-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20180302.12
    AB  - This work aims to study coagulation process for hard Ghrib Dam (GD) water treatment. Conventional coagulation (CC), enhanced coagulation (EC) and alkaline coagulation (AC) experiments were realized on jar tests. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of GD water treatment by the EC process compared to CC. Indeed, by CC, it has been demonstrated that each of the two coagulants studied (alum and FeCl3) is effective for remarkable reductions in OM of 36% and 47.4%, respectively. However, EC, by slightly acidifying water, gave better removal efficiencies of the studied parameters. Indeed, the best abatement of OM is about 78% when water is treated with ferric chloride at pH 5.5, lowered with nitric acid. The observed disadvantage here is the residual nitrate, which existed in the raw water at only low level. On the other hand, at the same pH, the reduction of the OM is 64% when alum is used as coagulant. In addition, the data collected have led to the conclusion that the physicochemical quality of the GD water has a high salinity and lowering its pH (EC) does not affect it at all. On the other hand, its pH elevation (AC) considerably reduces its total hardness which is 41% with NaOH. Such a performance advantageously positions this total hardness reduction technology among the possible solutions to the problems associated with total hardness.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Algerian Waters Company (ADE), Medea, Algeria

  • Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Medea, Medea, Algeria

  • Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

  • Laboratory of Mechanics (LME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria

  • Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia

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