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The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Received: 19 September 2019     Accepted: 30 September 2019     Published: 15 October 2019
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Abstract

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Approximately 95% cases of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension that remains unknown for the etiology and tends to be multifactorial causes. Electrolyte imbalance is thought as one of the prominent underlying mechanisms of hypertension. Electrolyte imbalance can cause serious and life-threatening cardiovascular problems. This study aimed to find out the association between electrolytes levels (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and total calcium) and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study that conducted on June-August 2019 at Noongan Regional General Hospital, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, sex, symptoms, salt diet, and consumption of antihypertensive drugs were collected, and then physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body mass index (BMI) were performed. One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Rank tests were used for bivariate analysis. There is significant dirrect correlation between serum sodium levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic blood pressure. As for potassium, there is an inverse relationship between serum potassium levels with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. There is a direct correlation between serum chloride levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic pressure, but not significant. For total calcium, there is a direct correlation between serum total calcium levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. In this study, we found out only sodium has a significant correlation with blood pressure, while other electrolytes have a correlation but are not significant.

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12
Page(s) 54-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Electrolyte, Hypertension, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Total Calcium

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Yanti Meilen Mewo, Edmond Leonard Jim, Richardo Jordan Laloan, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka, et al. (2019). The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(5), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12

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    ACS Style

    Diana Shintawati Purwanto; Yanti Meilen Mewo; Edmond Leonard Jim; Richardo Jordan Laloan; Joice Nancy Ansje Engka, et al. The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(5), 54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12

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    AMA Style

    Diana Shintawati Purwanto, Yanti Meilen Mewo, Edmond Leonard Jim, Richardo Jordan Laloan, Joice Nancy Ansje Engka, et al. The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sci J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12,
      author = {Diana Shintawati Purwanto and Yanti Meilen Mewo and Edmond Leonard Jim and Richardo Jordan Laloan and Joice Nancy Ansje Engka and Billy Johnson Kepel},
      title = {The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia},
      journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
      volume = {8},
      number = {5},
      pages = {54-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20190805.12},
      abstract = {Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Approximately 95% cases of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension that remains unknown for the etiology and tends to be multifactorial causes. Electrolyte imbalance is thought as one of the prominent underlying mechanisms of hypertension. Electrolyte imbalance can cause serious and life-threatening cardiovascular problems. This study aimed to find out the association between electrolytes levels (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and total calcium) and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study that conducted on June-August 2019 at Noongan Regional General Hospital, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, sex, symptoms, salt diet, and consumption of antihypertensive drugs were collected, and then physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body mass index (BMI) were performed. One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Rank tests were used for bivariate analysis. There is significant dirrect correlation between serum sodium levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic blood pressure. As for potassium, there is an inverse relationship between serum potassium levels with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. There is a direct correlation between serum chloride levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic pressure, but not significant. For total calcium, there is a direct correlation between serum total calcium levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. In this study, we found out only sodium has a significant correlation with blood pressure, while other electrolytes have a correlation but are not significant.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - The Analysis of Electrolyte Levels on Hypertensive Patients in Noongan Regional General Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
    AU  - Diana Shintawati Purwanto
    AU  - Yanti Meilen Mewo
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2732
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20190805.12
    AB  - Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, in addition to hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus. Approximately 95% cases of hypertension in Indonesia is essential hypertension that remains unknown for the etiology and tends to be multifactorial causes. Electrolyte imbalance is thought as one of the prominent underlying mechanisms of hypertension. Electrolyte imbalance can cause serious and life-threatening cardiovascular problems. This study aimed to find out the association between electrolytes levels (serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and total calcium) and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This was a cross-sectional study that conducted on June-August 2019 at Noongan Regional General Hospital, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Demographic data such as age, sex, symptoms, salt diet, and consumption of antihypertensive drugs were collected, and then physical examinations including systolic and diastolic blood pressures and body mass index (BMI) were performed. One Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Spearman Rank tests were used for bivariate analysis. There is significant dirrect correlation between serum sodium levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic blood pressure. As for potassium, there is an inverse relationship between serum potassium levels with systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. There is a direct correlation between serum chloride levels and systolic blood pressure, and an inverse relationship with diastolic pressure, but not significant. For total calcium, there is a direct correlation between serum total calcium levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but not significant. In this study, we found out only sodium has a significant correlation with blood pressure, while other electrolytes have a correlation but are not significant.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

  • Department of Biochemistry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

  • Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

  • Clinical Clerkship Program, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

  • Department of Physiology, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

  • Department of Chemistry, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia

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