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Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia

Received: 29 May 2013     Accepted: 28 May 2014     Published: 30 May 2014
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Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is major causes of morbidity and mortality. The etiology of CAP varies by geographic region; knowing the etiology might help for the management of the case in case of emergency and to guide treatment. So, in resource limited countries it is wise to identify the most common pathogens of CAP. The objective of this study was to determine bacterial etiology of CAP among adult patients visiting Arba Minch Hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia from March 01 to June 01, 2013. Data was collected from adult patients with CAP visiting Arba Minch Hospital using face to face interviews, observation using checklist and laboratory examinations. Sputum specimens were collected and microbiological investigations were performed using standard procedures. Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0 and Excel 2007. Results: Out of 170 cases, only 68 (40%) were culture positive. One pathogen was demonstrated in 63 (92.6%) patients and 6 (7.4%) had mixed infection. The common isolates of single bacterial pathogens from sputum specimens were S. pneumoniae 20 (11.8%), S. aureus 15 (8.8%), P. aeruginosa 10 (5.8%), K. pneumoniae 8 (4.7%), E. coli 4 (2.4%), H. influenzae 4 (2.4%), P. mirabilis 1 (0.6%), and P. vulgaris 1 (0.6%). The commonest mixed bacterial isolate was K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa 2(1.2%). Conclusion: In this study, common bacteria isolated were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and gram negative bacteria. Significant numbers of Gram negative bacteria were isolated which may indicate a shift of infection trend to Gram negative bacteria. Hence, periodic monitoring of etiologic agents with their drug resistant pattern is essential for better management of CAP and treatment strategies.

Published in Science Journal of Clinical Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11
Page(s) 33-36
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

CAP, Bacterial Etiology and Arba Minch Hospital

References
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[2] Shibl A M, Memish Z A, Ibrahim E, and Kanji S S. Burden of adult community-acquired pneumonia in the Middle East/North Africa region. Reviews in Medical Microbiology. January 2010; 21(1): 11–20.
[3] Scott J A, Hall A J, Muyodi C, Lowe B, Ross M, Chohan B, et al. Aetiology, outcome and risk factors for mortality among adults with acute pneumonia in Kenya. Lancet. 2000; 355:1225-30.
[4] Gutiérrez F, Masiá M, Rodríguez J C, Mirete C, Soldan B, Padilla S, et al. Epidemiology of communi-ty-acquired pneumonia in adult patients at the dawn of the 21st century: a prospective study on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 11 (10):788–800.
[5] British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Thorax 2001; 56 (suppl 3): IV1–IV64.
[6] Gaillat J. Community acquired pneumonia in elderly. Rev Prat 2003; 53; 1434-41.
[7] Egbe C A, Ndiokwere C and Omoregie R. Microbiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Benin City, Nigeria. Malays J Med Sci. 2011 Apr-Jun; 18(2): 27–31.
[8] Kariuki S, Muyodi J, Mirza B, Mwatu W and Daniels J J. Antimicrobial susceptibility in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults. East African Med J. 2003;80:4, 213-17.
[9] Mohammed E, Muhe L, Aberra G, Asmelash T, Tesema T, Dejene A, et al. Prevalence of acute respiratory bacterial pathogens in children in Gondar. Ethiop J Heath Dev. 2004; 14(2):191-97.
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[12] Hashemi S H, Soozanchi G, Jamal-Omidi S, Yousefi-Mashouf R, Mamani M, and Seif-Rabiei M. Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly and younger adults. Tropical doctor. 2010; 40: 89-91.
[13] Egbagbe E E, Mordi R M. Aetiology of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Benin City, Nigeria. JMBR. 2006; 5(2): 22-7.
[14] Matute A J, Brouwer W P, Hak E, Delgado E, Alonso E, and Hoepelman I M. Aetiology and resistance patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in León, Nicaragua. Int J of Antimicro Agents. 2006; 28 (5): 423-27.
[15] Saldias F, Mardonez G M, Marchesse M, Viviani P, Farias G, Diaz A. Community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients. Clinical presentation and prognostic factors. Rev Med Chil. 2002 Dec;130(12):1373-82.
[16] Hui K P, Chin N K, Chow K, Brownlee A, Yeo T C, Kumarasinghe G, Chan T B. Prospective study of the etiology of adult community acquired bacterial pneumonia needing hospitalization in Singapore. Singapore Med J. 1993;34: 329-34.
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  • APA Style

    Belayneh Regasa. (2014). Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Science Journal of Clinical Medicine, 3(3), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11

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    ACS Style

    Belayneh Regasa. Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 2014, 3(3), 33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11

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    AMA Style

    Belayneh Regasa. Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia. Sci J Clin Med. 2014;3(3):33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11,
      author = {Belayneh Regasa},
      title = {Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia},
      journal = {Science Journal of Clinical Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {33-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjcm.20140303.11},
      abstract = {Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is major causes of morbidity and mortality. The etiology of CAP varies by geographic region; knowing the etiology might help for the management of the case in case of emergency and to guide treatment. So, in resource limited countries it is wise to identify the most common pathogens of CAP. The objective of this study was to determine bacterial etiology of CAP among adult patients visiting Arba Minch Hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia from March 01 to June 01, 2013. Data was collected from adult patients with CAP visiting Arba Minch Hospital using face to face interviews, observation using checklist and laboratory examinations. Sputum specimens were collected and microbiological investigations were performed using standard procedures. Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0 and Excel 2007. Results: Out of 170 cases, only 68 (40%) were culture positive. One pathogen was demonstrated in 63 (92.6%) patients and 6 (7.4%) had mixed infection. The common isolates of single bacterial pathogens from sputum specimens were S. pneumoniae 20 (11.8%), S. aureus 15 (8.8%), P. aeruginosa 10 (5.8%), K. pneumoniae 8 (4.7%), E. coli 4 (2.4%), H. influenzae 4 (2.4%), P. mirabilis 1 (0.6%), and P. vulgaris 1 (0.6%). The commonest mixed bacterial isolate was K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa 2(1.2%). Conclusion: In this study, common bacteria isolated were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and gram negative bacteria. Significant numbers of Gram negative bacteria were isolated which may indicate a shift of infection trend to Gram negative bacteria.  Hence, periodic monitoring of etiologic agents with their drug resistant pattern is essential for better management of CAP and treatment strategies.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Aetiology of Bacterial Pathogens from Adult Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Arba Minch Hospital, South Ethiopia
    AU  - Belayneh Regasa
    Y1  - 2014/05/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11
    T2  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    JF  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    JO  - Science Journal of Clinical Medicine
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 36
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2732
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjcm.20140303.11
    AB  - Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is major causes of morbidity and mortality. The etiology of CAP varies by geographic region; knowing the etiology might help for the management of the case in case of emergency and to guide treatment. So, in resource limited countries it is wise to identify the most common pathogens of CAP. The objective of this study was to determine bacterial etiology of CAP among adult patients visiting Arba Minch Hospital. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Arba Minch Hospital, Southern Ethiopia from March 01 to June 01, 2013. Data was collected from adult patients with CAP visiting Arba Minch Hospital using face to face interviews, observation using checklist and laboratory examinations. Sputum specimens were collected and microbiological investigations were performed using standard procedures. Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0 and Excel 2007. Results: Out of 170 cases, only 68 (40%) were culture positive. One pathogen was demonstrated in 63 (92.6%) patients and 6 (7.4%) had mixed infection. The common isolates of single bacterial pathogens from sputum specimens were S. pneumoniae 20 (11.8%), S. aureus 15 (8.8%), P. aeruginosa 10 (5.8%), K. pneumoniae 8 (4.7%), E. coli 4 (2.4%), H. influenzae 4 (2.4%), P. mirabilis 1 (0.6%), and P. vulgaris 1 (0.6%). The commonest mixed bacterial isolate was K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa 2(1.2%). Conclusion: In this study, common bacteria isolated were S. pneumoniae, S. aureus and gram negative bacteria. Significant numbers of Gram negative bacteria were isolated which may indicate a shift of infection trend to Gram negative bacteria.  Hence, periodic monitoring of etiologic agents with their drug resistant pattern is essential for better management of CAP and treatment strategies.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Medical Microbiology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

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