| Peer-Reviewed

Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups

Received: 31 August 2021     Accepted: 23 September 2021     Published: 29 September 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The literature on collective victimization indicates that individuals who experience victimization very often engage in resistance behaviors in order to change their current or past situation. This resistance is likely to generate conflicts with the oppressors. Numerous works are interested in this aspect by emphasizing the role of the main actors involved (aggressor/victim); in turn neglecting actors who are not directly involved in the conflict such as witnesses; hence the interest of this research for this poorly documented aspect of the psychosocial literature on resistance against oppression. Specifically, it is interested in the connection between self-perception as an inclusive victim, the resulting emotions and resistance to outgroups’ oppression. The hypothesis of the study proposes that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of disadvantaged outgroups. To test it, 658 Francophones of both sexes were selected to participate in a psychosocial survey carried out in the city of Dschang (Cameroon). Their average age is 25 years. The scales that were self-administered to them are as follows: self-perception as an inclusive victim (α= .69), resistance to victimization (α= .90), nostalgia for others (α= .92), collective guilt (α= .74), empathy for others (α= .87), collective shame (α= .74) and collective grievances (α= .88). The data collected provide empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. It is concluded that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of a disadvantaged outgroup.

Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12
Page(s) 165-177
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim, Resistance to Oppression, Intergroup Emotions, Witnesses, Collective Victimization

References
[1] Abeyta, A. A., Routledge, C., & Juhl, J. (2015). Looking back to move forward: Nostalgia as a psychological resource for promoting relationship goals and overcoming relationship challenges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109 (6), 1029-1044. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000036
[2] Allpress, A. J., Barlow, F. K., Brown, R., & Louis, W. R. (2010). Atoning for Colonial Injustices: Group-Based Shame and Guilt Motivate Support for Reparation. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 4 (1), 75-88.
[3] Altemeyer, B. (1998). The other “authoritarian personality”. Advance in Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 47-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60382-2.
[4] Andrighetto, L., Mari, S, Volpato, C., & Behluli, B. (2012). Reducing competitive victimhood in Kosovo: The rle of extended contact and common ingroup identity. Political Psychology, 33, 513-529. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00887.x.
[5] Asal, V., Legault, R., Szekely, O., & Wilkenfeld, J. (2013). Gender ideologies and forms of contentious mobilization in the Middle East. Journal of Peace Research, 50, 305-318. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343313476528.
[6] Ayanian, A. H., Tausch, N., Acar, Y. G., Chayinska, M., Cheung, W-Y., & Lukyanova, Y. (2021). Resistance in repressive contexts: A comprehension test of psychological predictors. Jounal of Personality and Social Psychology, 120 (4), 912-939. doi: 10.1037/pspi0000285.
[7] Barakat, Z. & Fakih, A. (2021). Determinants of the Arab Spring Protests in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya: What Have We Learned? Social Sciences, 10 (282). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080282.
[8] Becker, G., & Tausch, N. (2015). A dynamic model of engagement in normative and non-normative collective action: psychological antecedents, consequences, and barriers. European Review of Social Psychology, 26 (1), 43-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2015.1094265.
[9] Berkowitz, L. (1972). Frustration, comparisons, and other sources of emotion arousal as contributors to social unrest. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1972.tb00005.x.
[10] Blackwood, L., Livingstone, A. G., & Leach, C. W. (2013). Regarding societal change. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 1, 105-111. doi: 10.5964/jspp.v1i1.282.
[11] Brewer, M. B. (1991). The social self-on being same and different at the same time. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 475-482. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167291175001.
[12] Brotherton, R., French, C. C., & Pickering, A. D. (2013). Measuring belief in conspiray theories: The Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 279-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00279.
[13] Cheung, W. Y., Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2017). Nostalgia proneness and reduced prejudice. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.045.
[14] Christie, D. J., Tint, B., Wagner, R. V., & Winter, D. D. (2008). Peace psychology for a peaceful world. American Psychologist, 63 (6), 540-52. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.6.540.
[15] Chueng, W-Y., Sedikides, C., Tausch., N. & Ayanian, A. H. (2017). Collective nostalgia is associated with stronger outgroup-directed anger and participation in ingroup-favoring collective. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5 (2), 301-319. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.697.
[16] Crisp, R. J., Stone, C. H., & Hali, N. R. (2006). Recategorization and subgroup identification: Predicting and preventing threats from common ingroups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32 (2), 230-243. doi: 10.1177/0146167205280908.
[17] Devos, T. (2005). Identité sociale et émotions intergroupes. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 67 (68), 85-100.
[18] Doosje, B., Brabscombe, N. R., Spears, R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1998). Guilty by association: When one’s group has a negative history. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (4), 872-886. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-3514.75.4.872.
[19] Einwohmer, R. L. (2003). Opportunity, honor and action in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943. American Journal of Sociology, 109, 650-675. doi: 10.1086/379528.
[20] Einwohmer, R. L. (2009). The need to know: Cultured ignorance and Jewish resistance in the ghetto of Warsaw, Vilna and Lodz. Sociological Quarterly, 50, 407-430. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01146.x.
[21] Ekango Nzekaih, H. K. (2018). Effet de l’appartenance catégorielle sur la justification du système linguistique au Cameroun: la passivité à l’égard de la dévaluation culturelle comme facteur facilitateur de la justification du système [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. University of Dschang.
[22] Fonchingong, T. (2013). The quest for autonomy: The case of Anglophone Cameroon. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 7 (5), 224-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJPSIR10.033.
[23] Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research, 6 (3), 167-191. http://www.jstor.org/stable/422690.
[24] Guimond, S., & Tougas, F. (1994). Sentiment d’injustice et action collective: La théorie de la privation relative. In R. Bourhis & J.-P. Leyens (Éds.), Stéréotypes, discrimination et relations intergroupes, 201-231.
[25] Gurr, T. R. (1970). Why men rebel. PUP.
[26] Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). When prisoners take over the prison: A social psychology of resistance. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16 (2), 154-179. doi: 10.1177/1088868311419864.
[27] Hollander, J. A., & Einwohner, R. L. (2004). Conceptualizing resistance. Sociological Forum, 19 (4), 533-554. doi: 10.1007/s11206-004-0694-5.
[28] Iyer, A., & Leach, C. W. (2008). Emotion in intergroup relations. European Review of Social Psychology, 19 (1), 86-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280802079738.
[29] Iyer, A., Leach, C. W., & Crosby, F. J. (2003). White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29 (1), 17-29. doi: 10.1177/0146167202238377.
[30] Iyer, A., Schamader, T., & Lickel, B. (2007). Why individual protest the perceived transgressions of their country: The role of anger, shame and guilt. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33 (4), 572-87. doi: 10.1177/0146167206297402.
[31] Jasini, A., Delvaux, H., & Mesquita, B. (2017). Collective victimhood and ingroup identity jointly shape intergroup relations, even in a Non-violent conflict: The case of the Belgians. Psychologica Belgica, 57 (3), 98-114. doi: http://doi.org/10.5334/pb.334.
[32] Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: accumulated evidence of conscious of the statu quo. Political Psychology, 25 (6), 881-920. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00402.x.
[33] Kay, A. C., & Jost, J. T (2003). System justification scale. APA Psyc Tests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t22834-000.
[34] Kelly, C. (2011). Group identification collective action. European Review of Social Psychology, 4 (1), 59-83. doi.org/10.1080/14792779343000022.
[35] Klar, Y., Schori-Eyal, N., & Klar, Y. (2013). The “Never Again” state of Israel: The emergence of the Holocaust as a core feature of Israeli identity and its four incongruent voices. Journal of Social Issue, 69 (1), 125-143. doi: 10.111josi.12007.
[36] Kurer, T., Häusermann, S., Wüest, B., & Enggist, M. (2019). Economic Grievances and Political Protest. European Journal of Political Research, 58 (3), 866-892. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12318.
[37] Landau, Y. (2003). Healing the holy land: Interreligious peacebuilding in Israel/Palestine. United States Institute of Peace, 51. https://lccn.loc.gov/2003373618.
[38] Leach, C. W., Iyer, A., & Pederson, A. A. (2006). Anger and guilt about ingroup advantage explain the willingness for political action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32 (9), 32-45. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167206289729.
[39] LeFebvre, R. K., & Armstrong, C. (2018). Grievance-based social movement mobilization in the #Ferguson Twitter storm. New Media & Society, 20 (1), 8-28. doi: 10.1177/1461444816644697.
[40] Licata, L. & Klein, O. (2010). Holocaust or benevolent paternalism? Intergenerational comparisons on collective memories and emotions about Belgium’s colonial past. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 4 (1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.4119/ijcv-2814.
[41] Lind, E. A., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The social psychology of procedural justice. Springer Science & Business Media. 10.1007/978-1-4899-2115-4.
[42] McCoy, K. S., Cosley, B., Saslow, L., & Epel, E. (2013). Is the belief in merotocratcy palliative for members of low status groups? Evidence for a benefit for self-esteem and physical health via perceived control. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43 (4), 307-318. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.1959.
[43] Messanga, G. A. & Ekango Nzekaih H. K. (2021). Political instrumentalization of ethnicity and maintenance of social status quo in multi-ethnic contexts. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 11 (2), 43-52. doi: 10.5923/j.ijap.20211102.01.
[44] Messanga, G. A., & Nzeuta Lontio, S. (in press). Évaluation psychométrique de l’entitativisation dans les relations intergroupes Anglophones/Francophones au Cameroun. À paraître dans ŋkȁ Lumière (Revue Interdisciplinaire de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines de l’Université de Dschang).
[45] Messanga, G. A., Ekango Nzekaih, K. H., & Npiane Ngongeu, S. (2020). Effet de la Culpabilité Groupale Ressentie sur le Soutien à la Réparation de L’oppression à l’égard de l’exogroupe: Le cas des Anglophones du Cameroun. European Scientific Journal, 16 (10), 135-153. doi: 10.19044/esj.2020.v16n10p135.
[46] Messanga, G. A., Fotso Magne, P., & Taffo Nemboue, W. (2020). Adhésion aux théories conspirationnistes et soutien aux politiques répressives à l’égard des libertés politiques en contexte de démocratie autoritaire: Le Cas du Cameroun. European Scientific Journal, 16 (26), 51-73. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n26p51.
[47] Mosley, D. V., Neville, H. A., Chavez-Dueñas, N. Y., Adames, H. Y., Lewis, J. A., & French, B. H. (2020). Radical hope in revolting times: Proposing a culturally relevant psychological framework. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14 (1), 1-12. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12512.
[48] Muliavka, V. (2020) Bringing grievances back into social movement research: the conceptual and empirical case. Social Movement Studies. doi: 10.1080/14742837.2020.1858042.
[49] Nadler, A., & Shnabel, N. (2015). Intergroup reconciliation: Instrumental and socio-emotional processes and the needs-based model. European Review of Social Psychology, 26 (1), 93-125. doi: 10.1080/10463283.2015.1106712.
[50] Noor, M., Vollhardt, J. R., Mari, S., & Nadler, A. (2017). The social psychology of collective victimhood. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47 (2), 121-134. https: //doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2300.
[51] Ntap, E. J. (2018). Affrontements entre séparatistes anglophones et l’armée à Buea au Cameroun. www.voaafrique.com
[52] Okado, L. T. A., & Ribeiro, E. A. (2020). Individual Conditioning Factors of Political Protest in Latin America: Effects of Values, Grievance and Resources. Brazilian Political Science Review, 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-3821202000030002.
[53] Parant, A. (2014). Préserver la distinctivité pour améliorer les relations intergroupes par la recatégorisation: D’un Common Ingroup à un Common Outgroup. Thèse de doctorat en psychologie publié, Université de Bordeaux. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01176851.
[54] Pratto, F. (2019). Power dynamics in intergroup relations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 250-255. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.10.00.
[55] Pratto, F., Sidanius, J, Stallworth, L., & Malle, B. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitude. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 67 (4), 741-763. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741.
[56] Prilletensky, I. (2008). The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation: the promise of psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36 (2), 116-136. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20225.
[57] Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2018). Sous la crise Anglophone au Cameroun: frustration politique et défiance à l’égard des autorités publiques. https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010074743.
[58] Saab, R., Spears, R., Tausch, N., & Sasse, J. (2016). Predicting aggressive collective action based on the efficacy of peaceful and aggressive actions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46 (5), 529-543. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2193.
[59] Schatz, R. T., Staub, E., & Lavine, H. (1999). On the varieties of national attachment: blind versus constructive patriotism. Political Psychology, 20 (1), 151-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00140.
[60] Sibley, G. C., & Wilson, M. S. (2007). Political attitudes and the ideology of equality: Differentiating support for liberal and conservative political parties in New Zealand. New Zelaland Journal of Psychology, 36 (2), 72-84.
[61] Smith, E. R., Seger, C. R., & Mackie, D. M. (2007). Can emotions be truly group level? Evidence regarding four conceptual criteria. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93 (3), 431-446. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.431.
[62] Soudan, C., & Gangloff. (2012). La croyance au monde juste comme facteur explicatif de diverses réactions à des injustices professionnelles. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 18 (4), 171-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1420-2530(16)30077-2.
[63] Sourna Loumtouang, E. (2016). Chômage des jeunes et stabilité sociopolitique au Cameroun de 1990 à nos jours. Council for the Development of Social Science in Africa (CODESRIA), Doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4885.5449.
[64] Staub, E. (2012). Psychology and morality in genocide and violent conflict: Perpetrators, passive bystanders, and rescuers. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the causes of good and evil (pp. 381-398). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13091-021.
[65] Staub, E. (2013). Building a peaceful society: Origins, prevention, and reconciliation after genocide and other group violence. American Psychology, 68 (7), 576-589. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032045.
[66] Suedfeld, P. (1999). Toward a taxonomy of ethnopolitical violence: Is collective killing by any other name still the same? Peace and Conflict. Journal of Peace Psychology, 5 (4), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327949pac0504_5.
[67] Tausch, N., Becker, J. B., Spars, R., & Christ, O. (2011). Explaining radical group behavior: developing emotion and efficacy routes to normative and non normative collective action. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 101 (1), 129-148. Doi: 10.1037/a0022728.
[68] Tchinda Kenfo, J. (2017). Le "problème anglophone" au Cameroun: la réponse par le processus participatif au développement territorial. www.thinkingafrica.org.
[69] Tec, N. (2013). Resistance: Jews and Christians Who Defied the Nazi Terror. Oxford University Press.
[70] Telle, N.-T., & Pfister, H.-R. (2016). Positive Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: A Neglected Link. Emotion Review, 8 (2), 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915586817
[71] Thomas, E. F., McGarty, C., & Mavor, K. I. (2009). Transforming “apathy into movement”: The role of prosocial emotions in motivating action for social change. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 13 (4), 10-33. doi: 10.1177/1088868309343290.
[72] Tiedens, L. Z., & Leach, C. W. (2004). The social life of emotions. Cambridge University Press.
[73] Tsapi Fomena, S. (2018). Construction et validation d’une échelle psychométrique de dominance linguistique [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. University of Dschang.
[74] Vargas-Salfate, S. & Miranda, R. (2020). Nationalism, Patriotism, and Legitimation of the National Social Systems. Revista de Psicología, 38, 423-450. 10.18800/psico.202002.003.
[75] Vollhardt, J. R. (2012). Collective victimisation. In L. Tropp (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of intergroup conflict (pp. 136-157). doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199747672.013.000.
[76] Vollhardt, J. R. (2013). “Crime against humanity” or “crime against Jews”? Acknowledgment in construals of the Holocaust and its importance for intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 69 (1), 144-161. doi: 10.1111/josi.12008.
[77] Vollhardt, J. R., & Bilali, R. (2015). The role of inclusive and exclusive victim consciousness in predicting intergroup attitudes: Findings from Rwanda, Burundi and DRC. Political Psychology, 365 (5), 489-506. doi: 101111/pops.1274.
[78] Vollhardt, J. R., & Staub, E. (2011). Inclusive altruism born of suffering: The relationships between adversity and prosocial attitudes and behavior toward disadvantaged outgroups. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81 (3), 307-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01099.X.
[79] Vollhardt, J. R, Nair, R., & Tropp, L. R. (2016). Inclusive victim consciousness predicts minority group members’ support for refugees and immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46 (6), 354-368. doi: 10.111/jasp.12368.
[80] Vollhardt, J. R., Okuyan, M., & Ünal, H. (2020). Resistance to collective victimization and oppression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 35, 92-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.04.001.
[81] Zhou, X., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Shi, K., & Feng, C. (2012). Nostalgia: The Gift That Keeps on Giving. Journal of Consumer Research, 39, 39-50. 10.1086/662199.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Gustave Adolphe Messanga, Kelvine Aristote Youmbi, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. (2021). Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 10(5), 165-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Gustave Adolphe Messanga; Kelvine Aristote Youmbi; Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2021, 10(5), 165-177. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Gustave Adolphe Messanga, Kelvine Aristote Youmbi, Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih. Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups. Psychol Behav Sci. 2021;10(5):165-177. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12,
      author = {Gustave Adolphe Messanga and Kelvine Aristote Youmbi and Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih},
      title = {Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups},
      journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {165-177},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20211005.12},
      abstract = {The literature on collective victimization indicates that individuals who experience victimization very often engage in resistance behaviors in order to change their current or past situation. This resistance is likely to generate conflicts with the oppressors. Numerous works are interested in this aspect by emphasizing the role of the main actors involved (aggressor/victim); in turn neglecting actors who are not directly involved in the conflict such as witnesses; hence the interest of this research for this poorly documented aspect of the psychosocial literature on resistance against oppression. Specifically, it is interested in the connection between self-perception as an inclusive victim, the resulting emotions and resistance to outgroups’ oppression. The hypothesis of the study proposes that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of disadvantaged outgroups. To test it, 658 Francophones of both sexes were selected to participate in a psychosocial survey carried out in the city of Dschang (Cameroon). Their average age is 25 years. The scales that were self-administered to them are as follows: self-perception as an inclusive victim (α= .69), resistance to victimization (α= .90), nostalgia for others (α= .92), collective guilt (α= .74), empathy for others (α= .87), collective shame (α= .74) and collective grievances (α= .88). The data collected provide empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. It is concluded that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of a disadvantaged outgroup.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Self-perception as an Inclusive Victim of Oppression, Intergroup Emotions and Support for Resistance to the Victimization of Disadvantaged Outgroups
    AU  - Gustave Adolphe Messanga
    AU  - Kelvine Aristote Youmbi
    AU  - Hermann Kevin Ekango Nzekaih
    Y1  - 2021/09/29
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12
    T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    SP  - 165
    EP  - 177
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7845
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20211005.12
    AB  - The literature on collective victimization indicates that individuals who experience victimization very often engage in resistance behaviors in order to change their current or past situation. This resistance is likely to generate conflicts with the oppressors. Numerous works are interested in this aspect by emphasizing the role of the main actors involved (aggressor/victim); in turn neglecting actors who are not directly involved in the conflict such as witnesses; hence the interest of this research for this poorly documented aspect of the psychosocial literature on resistance against oppression. Specifically, it is interested in the connection between self-perception as an inclusive victim, the resulting emotions and resistance to outgroups’ oppression. The hypothesis of the study proposes that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of disadvantaged outgroups. To test it, 658 Francophones of both sexes were selected to participate in a psychosocial survey carried out in the city of Dschang (Cameroon). Their average age is 25 years. The scales that were self-administered to them are as follows: self-perception as an inclusive victim (α= .69), resistance to victimization (α= .90), nostalgia for others (α= .92), collective guilt (α= .74), empathy for others (α= .87), collective shame (α= .74) and collective grievances (α= .88). The data collected provide empirical support for the hypothesis of the study. It is concluded that intergroup emotions have a moderating effect on the link between self-perception as an inclusive victim of oppression and support for the resistance to the victimization of a disadvantaged outgroup.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Department of Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Department of Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Sections