Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon

Oben Alexander Tataw; Wanie Clarkson Mvo; Ndi Roland Akoh; Kang Edwin Mua

doi:doi:10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon

Oben Alexander Tataw, Wanie Clarkson Mvo, Ndi Roland Akoh, Kang Edwin Mua

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 21 May 2021 Accepted: 18 June 2021 Published: 29 June 2021

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Abstract

The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.

Published in	Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
Page(s)	37-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Coastline, Dynamics, Implications, Development, Fishing Communities, Toube

References

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[2]	Warrick, R. A, Barrow, E. M and Wigley, T. M. L (1993) (eds.). Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]	Bagli, S., and Soille, P. (2003). Morhological Automatic Extraction of Pan-European coastline from Landsat ETM +images. International Symposium on GIS and Computer Cartography for Coastal Zone Management, October 2003, Genova.
[4]	Mills, J. P., Buckley, S. J., Mitchell, H. L., Clarke, P. J., and Edwards, S. J. (2005). “A Geomatics data Integration Technique for Coastal Change Monitoring”. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30, 651–664.
[5]	Bismita, B. (2014). Effects of coastal Erosion on the fishing community livelihoods: A focus on the East Midnapore coast, West Bengal. Tata Institute of Social Sciences Mumbai. India.
[6]	IPCC (2001a). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Prepared under the guidance of Working Group II Cochairmen Osvaldo Canziani (Argentina) and James McCarthy (US). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
[7]	IPCC (2001b). Climate Change (2001): Third Assessment Report (TAR). World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland.
[8]	IPCC (2007) Climate Change 2007. In Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland.
[9]	IRIN-Integrated Regional Information Networks (2008): WEST AFRICA: Coastline to be submerged by 2099. Part of the UN office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79986, December 21st 2008).
[10]	Brooks, N., Hall, J. and R. J. Nicholls (2006): Sea-Level Rise: Coastal Impacts and Responses. German Advisory Council on Climate Change. WBGU, Norwich-Berlin (http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_sn2006_ex03.pdf, September 27th 2008).
[11]	Béné, C. (2003). “Fisheries Development and their Impacts on the Livelihoods of Fishing Communities in West Africa: An overview”. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment. Vol. 1 (1): 128-134.
[12]	Munji, A., Youssoufa, B., Nkwatoh, A. I., Monica, S. and Olufunso, S. (2013). “Vulnerability to Coastal Flooding and Response Strategies: The case of settlements in Cameroon Mangrove Forests”. Environmental Development, 5. 54–72.
[13]	Brouillette-Jacobson, D. M. (2008). Analysis of Coastal Erosion on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts: A Paraglacial Island. Masters Theses, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 446p.
[14]	Molua, E. (2010). Climate and Location Vulnerability in Southwestern Cameroon: assessing the options and cost of protection to property in coastal areas. CEEPA Discussion Paper No 46, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria.
[15]	Alves, B., Angnuureng, D.B., Mrand, P. et al. (2020). A review of coastal erosion and flooding risk and best management practices in West Africa: What has been done and should be done. Journal of Coastal Conservation 24(38).
[16]	Oteng-Ababio, M., Owusu, K. and Addo, K. P. (2011). “The vulnerable state of the Ghana coast: The case of Faana-Bortianor”. JAMBA Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 429-442.
[17]	Salim, M. A. and Ali, S. (2009). Coastal Erosion and its Impact on Society on the Batinah Coast, Sultanate of Oman. Geographische Rundschau International Edition Vol. 5, No. 2/2009.

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APA Style

Oben Alexander Tataw, Wanie Clarkson Mvo, Ndi Roland Akoh, Kang Edwin Mua. (2021). Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 6(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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ACS Style

Oben Alexander Tataw; Wanie Clarkson Mvo; Ndi Roland Akoh; Kang Edwin Mua. Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2021, 6(2), 37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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AMA Style

Oben Alexander Tataw, Wanie Clarkson Mvo, Ndi Roland Akoh, Kang Edwin Mua. Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2021;6(2):37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13,
  author = {Oben Alexander Tataw and Wanie Clarkson Mvo and Ndi Roland Akoh and Kang Edwin Mua},
  title = {Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20210602.13},
  abstract = {The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon
AU  - Oben Alexander Tataw
AU  - Wanie Clarkson Mvo
AU  - Ndi Roland Akoh
AU  - Kang Edwin Mua
Y1  - 2021/06/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 37
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
AB  - The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Oben Alexander Tataw

Department of Geography, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Wanie Clarkson Mvo

Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Bamenda, Bambibli, Cameroon
Ndi Roland Akoh

Department of Geography, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Kang Edwin Mua

Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Bamenda, Bambibli, Cameroon

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Oben Alexander Tataw, Wanie Clarkson Mvo, Ndi Roland Akoh, Kang Edwin Mua. (2021). Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 6(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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ACS Style

Oben Alexander Tataw; Wanie Clarkson Mvo; Ndi Roland Akoh; Kang Edwin Mua. Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2021, 6(2), 37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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AMA Style

Oben Alexander Tataw, Wanie Clarkson Mvo, Ndi Roland Akoh, Kang Edwin Mua. Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2021;6(2):37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13,
  author = {Oben Alexander Tataw and Wanie Clarkson Mvo and Ndi Roland Akoh and Kang Edwin Mua},
  title = {Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20210602.13},
  abstract = {The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Coastal Dynamics and Implication for Development of the Fishing Communities Along the Shoreline Region of Toube, Cameroon
AU  - Oben Alexander Tataw
AU  - Wanie Clarkson Mvo
AU  - Ndi Roland Akoh
AU  - Kang Edwin Mua
Y1  - 2021/06/29
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 37
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20210602.13
AB  - The world’s coastlines provide essential development benefits to most communities for livelihood sustenance. The proximity of communities to coastlines elects the need to exploit the water resources through fishing and transportation. Given that coastlines are subjected to changes, this study intends to investigate coastal dynamics and implication for development of the fishing communities along the shoreline region of Toube. A descriptive research design was adopted with a sample size of 300 respondents which employed a random sampling technique. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the use of arithmetic mean and ArcGIS 10.2. The coastal dynamics between 1984 and 2017 were observed using shoreline GPS Way Point that was matched by Landsat images of 1984, 2000 and 2017. Findings showed that prolonged backwash process caused by sea level rise provoked coastal erosion and submergence of shoreline communities. The results revealed that between 1984 and 2017, the shoreline of Toube has been retreating at a rate of 9.56 m per year. The retreat rate equally varies along Toube coastlines revealing that Cap shoreline has retreated some 452.4 m between 1984 and 2017 while Itiekot-Chekiri and Small Toube retreated by 254.87 m and 239.61 m respectively between 1984 and 2017. These coastal fishing communities are vulnerable to coastal erosion, settlement submergence, destruction of fishing barns, displacement of people and disruption of coastal activities with huge socio-economic losses. The study opts for the stabilization of the shorelines through the use of sand bags, sea walls and the creation of buffer zone with mangrove trees in order to reduce the exposure of the fishing communities to the intensity of the coastal dynamics in Toube.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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