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Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa

Received: 23 January 2022     Accepted: 13 February 2022     Published: 28 February 2022
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Abstract

Nosocomial infections are infections that develop after 48 hours of admission or within 30 days of discharge from a healthcare facility. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of occurrence and types of nosocomial infections in patients admitted to the surgical wards. An audit based on records of patients who developed nosocomial infections was conducted. Data extracted included patients’ demography, comorbidities, the organisms cultured, and their resistance patterns. A total of 574 records from 421 patients were found. Seventy percent (69.8%: 294/421) of the patients were males and 66.3% (279/431) were less than 51 years old. Ninety-four (22.3%: 94/421) patients were found to have polymicrobial infections. The records included 62 species of bacteria and 7 candida species. Around 74.7% (429/574) of the cultured organisms were ESKAPE pathogens. The most cultured organism was K. pneumoniae at 18.6% (107/574). Fifty-one percent of the cultured bacteria were resistant to antimicrobials. The overall rate of nosocomial infection was 8.7% with an incidence density of 468.20 per 100 000 patient days. Nosocomial infections were more prevalent in vascular, trauma and neurosurgery patients.

Published in Journal of Surgery (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.js.20221001.19
Page(s) 44-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ESKAPE Pathogens, Nosocomial Infection, Prevalence, Resistance, Surgical Patients

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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Hassan Nazeerah, De Oliveira Bianca, Fraser Simon, Govender Sameshan, Madzinga Maano, et al. (2022). Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa. Journal of Surgery, 10(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20221001.19

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    ACS Style

    Hassan Nazeerah; De Oliveira Bianca; Fraser Simon; Govender Sameshan; Madzinga Maano, et al. Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa. J. Surg. 2022, 10(1), 44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.js.20221001.19

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    AMA Style

    Hassan Nazeerah, De Oliveira Bianca, Fraser Simon, Govender Sameshan, Madzinga Maano, et al. Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa. J Surg. 2022;10(1):44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.js.20221001.19

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  • @article{10.11648/j.js.20221001.19,
      author = {Hassan Nazeerah and De Oliveira Bianca and Fraser Simon and Govender Sameshan and Madzinga Maano and Mpati Nokolinah and Rahiman Fathima-Zahra and Kalla Zahra and Malebati William Khabe and Luvhengo Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel},
      title = {Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa},
      journal = {Journal of Surgery},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {44-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.js.20221001.19},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20221001.19},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.js.20221001.19},
      abstract = {Nosocomial infections are infections that develop after 48 hours of admission or within 30 days of discharge from a healthcare facility. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of occurrence and types of nosocomial infections in patients admitted to the surgical wards. An audit based on records of patients who developed nosocomial infections was conducted. Data extracted included patients’ demography, comorbidities, the organisms cultured, and their resistance patterns. A total of 574 records from 421 patients were found. Seventy percent (69.8%: 294/421) of the patients were males and 66.3% (279/431) were less than 51 years old. Ninety-four (22.3%: 94/421) patients were found to have polymicrobial infections. The records included 62 species of bacteria and 7 candida species. Around 74.7% (429/574) of the cultured organisms were ESKAPE pathogens. The most cultured organism was K. pneumoniae at 18.6% (107/574). Fifty-one percent of the cultured bacteria were resistant to antimicrobials. The overall rate of nosocomial infection was 8.7% with an incidence density of 468.20 per 100 000 patient days. Nosocomial infections were more prevalent in vascular, trauma and neurosurgery patients.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Nosocomial Infections in Surgical Patients at a Central Academic Hospital in South Africa
    AU  - Hassan Nazeerah
    AU  - De Oliveira Bianca
    AU  - Fraser Simon
    AU  - Govender Sameshan
    AU  - Madzinga Maano
    AU  - Mpati Nokolinah
    AU  - Rahiman Fathima-Zahra
    AU  - Kalla Zahra
    AU  - Malebati William Khabe
    AU  - Luvhengo Thifhelimbilu Emmanuel
    Y1  - 2022/02/28
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20221001.19
    DO  - 10.11648/j.js.20221001.19
    T2  - Journal of Surgery
    JF  - Journal of Surgery
    JO  - Journal of Surgery
    SP  - 44
    EP  - 51
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0930
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20221001.19
    AB  - Nosocomial infections are infections that develop after 48 hours of admission or within 30 days of discharge from a healthcare facility. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of occurrence and types of nosocomial infections in patients admitted to the surgical wards. An audit based on records of patients who developed nosocomial infections was conducted. Data extracted included patients’ demography, comorbidities, the organisms cultured, and their resistance patterns. A total of 574 records from 421 patients were found. Seventy percent (69.8%: 294/421) of the patients were males and 66.3% (279/431) were less than 51 years old. Ninety-four (22.3%: 94/421) patients were found to have polymicrobial infections. The records included 62 species of bacteria and 7 candida species. Around 74.7% (429/574) of the cultured organisms were ESKAPE pathogens. The most cultured organism was K. pneumoniae at 18.6% (107/574). Fifty-one percent of the cultured bacteria were resistant to antimicrobials. The overall rate of nosocomial infection was 8.7% with an incidence density of 468.20 per 100 000 patient days. Nosocomial infections were more prevalent in vascular, trauma and neurosurgery patients.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

  • Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

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