Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study

Received: 13 November 2023     Accepted: 4 December 2023     Published: 11 December 2023
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Abstract

Background: Female genital mutilation is a real public health problem in developing countries. the consequences of this practice are sometimes obstetric and are responsible for high maternal and perinatal mortality. Objective: To analyse the effect of clitoral re-exposure surgery in patients who have undergone female genital mutilation on obstetric perineal complications. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, exposed - unexposed, multi-centric, carried out in two university hospitals in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Yalgado-Ouédraogo and Bogodogo. We studied the first delivery of patients operated on for CR (exposed) between March 2006 and March 2019 (over 13 years), compared with a group of unexposed women (victims of unreconstructed FGM). A ratio of two unexposed women to one exposed woman was used. The two groups were comparable according to the matching criteria. Results: We included 44 patients who had given birth after CR and 88 non-operated (unexposed) patients. Patients who had undergone FGM had more perineal lesions during childbirth than patients who had undergone CR. In fact, women not operated on for CR were 2 times more likely to suffer a perineal tear than women operated on for CR (RR = 1.93; 95% CI (1.22-3.07); p = 0.005). The same applies to episiotomy, for which women not operated on for CR were 2.62 times more likely to undergo than women operated on for CR (RR=2.62; 95% CI (1.60-4.28), p=0.000). Conclusion: Clitoral re-exposure is associated with better obstetric perineal adaptation.

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 11, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18
Page(s) 168-173
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clitoral Re-exposure, Perineal Morbidity, CHU-YO, CHU-B, Burkina Faso

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Adama, O., Laetitia, B., Yobi Alexi, S., Sibraogo, K., Issa, O., et al. (2023). Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 11(6), 168-173. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18

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    ACS Style

    Adama, O.; Laetitia, B.; Yobi Alexi, S.; Sibraogo, K.; Issa, O., et al. Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2023, 11(6), 168-173. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18

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    AMA Style

    Adama O, Laetitia B, Yobi Alexi S, Sibraogo K, Issa O, et al. Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study. J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;11(6):168-173. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18,
      author = {Ouattara Adama and Bonzi Laetitia and Sawadogo Yobi Alexi and Kiemtore Sibraogo and Ouedraogo Issa and Ouedraogo Charlemagne Marie},
      title = {Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study},
      journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
      volume = {11},
      number = {6},
      pages = {168-173},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20231106.18},
      abstract = {Background: Female genital mutilation is a real public health problem in developing countries. the consequences of this practice are sometimes obstetric and are responsible for high maternal and perinatal mortality. Objective: To analyse the effect of clitoral re-exposure surgery in patients who have undergone female genital mutilation on obstetric perineal complications. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, exposed - unexposed, multi-centric, carried out in two university hospitals in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Yalgado-Ouédraogo and Bogodogo. We studied the first delivery of patients operated on for CR (exposed) between March 2006 and March 2019 (over 13 years), compared with a group of unexposed women (victims of unreconstructed FGM). A ratio of two unexposed women to one exposed woman was used. The two groups were comparable according to the matching criteria. Results: We included 44 patients who had given birth after CR and 88 non-operated (unexposed) patients. Patients who had undergone FGM had more perineal lesions during childbirth than patients who had undergone CR. In fact, women not operated on for CR were 2 times more likely to suffer a perineal tear than women operated on for CR (RR = 1.93; 95% CI (1.22-3.07); p = 0.005). The same applies to episiotomy, for which women not operated on for CR were 2.62 times more likely to undergo than women operated on for CR (RR=2.62; 95% CI (1.60-4.28), p=0.000). Conclusion: Clitoral re-exposure is associated with better obstetric perineal adaptation.
    },
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Obstetric Perineal Morbidity After Clitoral Re-exposure (CR) in Patients Who Have Undergone Genital Mutilation: A Retrospective Study
    AU  - Ouattara Adama
    AU  - Bonzi Laetitia
    AU  - Sawadogo Yobi Alexi
    AU  - Kiemtore Sibraogo
    AU  - Ouedraogo Issa
    AU  - Ouedraogo Charlemagne Marie
    Y1  - 2023/12/11
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18
    T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    SP  - 168
    EP  - 173
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7820
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20231106.18
    AB  - Background: Female genital mutilation is a real public health problem in developing countries. the consequences of this practice are sometimes obstetric and are responsible for high maternal and perinatal mortality. Objective: To analyse the effect of clitoral re-exposure surgery in patients who have undergone female genital mutilation on obstetric perineal complications. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, exposed - unexposed, multi-centric, carried out in two university hospitals in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Yalgado-Ouédraogo and Bogodogo. We studied the first delivery of patients operated on for CR (exposed) between March 2006 and March 2019 (over 13 years), compared with a group of unexposed women (victims of unreconstructed FGM). A ratio of two unexposed women to one exposed woman was used. The two groups were comparable according to the matching criteria. Results: We included 44 patients who had given birth after CR and 88 non-operated (unexposed) patients. Patients who had undergone FGM had more perineal lesions during childbirth than patients who had undergone CR. In fact, women not operated on for CR were 2 times more likely to suffer a perineal tear than women operated on for CR (RR = 1.93; 95% CI (1.22-3.07); p = 0.005). The same applies to episiotomy, for which women not operated on for CR were 2.62 times more likely to undergo than women operated on for CR (RR=2.62; 95% CI (1.60-4.28), p=0.000). Conclusion: Clitoral re-exposure is associated with better obstetric perineal adaptation.
    
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Joseph KI ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Center of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the Hospital of Ziniare, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Joseph KI ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Joseph KI ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Ouahigouya Regional University, Ouahigouya Regional Hospital, Ouahigouya, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Joseph KI ZERBO University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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