| Peer-Reviewed

Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup

Received: 2 December 2019     Accepted: 15 January 2020     Published: 4 February 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of genital tract. Risk factors include early age at first intercourse, smoking and multiple sexual partners. Cervical cancer can be prevented by Pap smear screening test. Pap smear is still an underutilized diagnostic modality in under developed countries. Provision and appropriate treatment should be offered in female. Objective of this study was to address the mindset of our females about pap smear screening and spreading awareness. This descriptive study was done in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore from January 2017 to January 2018 on 180 patients. Age, parity and duration of marriage were expressed as mean and frequency with percentages. Reasons of acceptance and decline were also expressed as frequency with percentage. The age range of the patient in present study was between 18-62±8.565 years. Regarding marital status, all the recruited females were married. Parity range was from 0-9±2.101 with a mean parity of 3.03. There were 129 females who accepted Pap smear. The most frequent reason for acceptance was recommendation by doctor in 93 (72%) patients. Out of 180 patients, 51 patients were those who decline Pap smear. The reason of decline was fear of pain in 17 (33.3%) patients, fear of a positive result and lack of knowledge. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease which affects the females in their early reproductive year. Screening should be offered in all reproductive females and it should be promoted through media campaigns. It is the responsibility of doctors as well to offer this screening test to all the female coming with or without gynecological complaints.

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15
Page(s) 20-23
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pap Smear, Cervical Carcinoma, Human Papilloma Virus, Risk Factors

References
[1] Ubajaka C, Ukegbu A, IIikannu S, Ibeh C, Onyeonoro U, Ezeanyim A. Knowledge of cervical cancer and practice of pap smear testing among secondary school teachers in Nnewi north local government area of Anambra State, South Eastren Nigeria. Advances in sexual medicine. 2015; 5: 13-21.
[2] Ekane GEH, et al. Pap smear screening, the way forward for prevention of cervical cancer. A community based study in the Buea Health District, Cameroon. Open journal of obstet and gynecol. 2015; 5: 226-233.
[3] Cervical Cancer Screening: Cancer Care Ontario. n. d. [Available at: http://www.cancercare.on.ca/pcs/screening/cervscreening/; cited 9 February 2016.
[4] Pendrith C, Thind A, Zaric GS, Samra S. Cost of cervical cancer treatment: population-based estimates from Ontario. CurrOncol 2016; 23 (2): e109-15.
[5] L. Uche Chika, C. Ekeleme N, C. Iwuoha E, J. Awa M. Awareness and practice of Pap smear among female hospital workers in Abia state university teaching hospital Aba South East Nigeria. Int J tropical disease & health. 2017; 28 (3): 1-8.
[6] Wardel J, Robb K, Vernon S, Walter J. Screening for prevention and early diagnosis of cancer. Am Psychol 2015; 70 (2): 119-33.
[7] Tota JE, Bentley J, Blake J, et al. Introduction of molecular HPV testing as a primary technology in cervical cancer screening: acting on evidence to change the current paradigm. Prev Med 2017; 98: 5-14.
[8] Ghebre R, Grover S, Xu MJ, Chuang LT, Simonds H. Cervical cancer control in HIV-infected women: past, present and future. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 21: 101-8.
[9] Rani A, Singh K, Thapa S. Survey of awareness of Pap smear and cervical cancer vaccine among women at tertiary care centre in Eastern Uttar Pradesh India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015; Apr: 4 (2): 439-441.
[10] Whop LJ, Cunningham J, Condon JR. How well is the National Cervical Screening Program performing for Indigenous Australian women? Why we don’t really know and what we can and should do about it. Eur J Cancer Care 2014; 23: 716-20.
[11] NPS. NPD Medicine Wise. Special ed. NPS Radar; 2015 [Available at: http://www.nps.org.au/radar/articles/chnage-tothe-national-cervical-screening-programm].
[12] Matsuo K, Mabuchi S, Okazawa M, Kawano M, Kurod H, Kamiura S et al. Clinical implication of surgically tested early stage cervical cancer with multiple high risk factors. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 26 (1): 3.
[13] Shama Razzaq, et al. knowledge and awareness regarding cervical cancer and uptake of pap smear among women in Karachi, Pakistan. EC Gynecology. 4.4 (2017): 154-161.
[14] Abulizi G, Abulimiti T, Li H, Abuduxikuer G, Mijiti P, Su-Qin Zhang et al. Knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear among Uyghur women from Xinjiang, China. BMC Women Health. 2018; 18: 21.
[15] J. P. H. Wong, M. Vahabi, J. Miholjcic, V. Tan, M. Owino, A. T. W. Li et al. Knowledge of HPV/cervical cancer and acceptability of HPV self-sampling among women living with HIV: A scoping review. CurrOncol. 2018; 25 (1): 73-82.
[16] M. Vahabi, A, Lofters. HPV self-sampling: A promising approach to reduce cervical cancer screening disparities in Canada. Curr Oncol. 2018; 25: 13-18.
[17] Malibari SS. Knowledge about cervical cancer among womrn in Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journel of Hospital Med. 2018; 70 (10): 1823-1825.
[18] Mulhim, NKA-O, Mohammed, Saad Morsi AM. Knowledge about cervical cancer early warning signs and symptoms, risk factors and vaccination among students at a medical school in Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014; 15 (6): 2529-2532.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Shazia Tazion, Maimoona Hafeez, Nishat Akram, Rukhsana Manzoor, Nazia Badar. (2020). Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 8(1), 20-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Shazia Tazion; Maimoona Hafeez; Nishat Akram; Rukhsana Manzoor; Nazia Badar. Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2020, 8(1), 20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Shazia Tazion, Maimoona Hafeez, Nishat Akram, Rukhsana Manzoor, Nazia Badar. Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup. J Gynecol Obstet. 2020;8(1):20-23. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15,
      author = {Shazia Tazion and Maimoona Hafeez and Nishat Akram and Rukhsana Manzoor and Nazia Badar},
      title = {Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup},
      journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {20-23},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20200801.15},
      abstract = {Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of genital tract. Risk factors include early age at first intercourse, smoking and multiple sexual partners. Cervical cancer can be prevented by Pap smear screening test. Pap smear is still an underutilized diagnostic modality in under developed countries. Provision and appropriate treatment should be offered in female. Objective of this study was to address the mindset of our females about pap smear screening and spreading awareness. This descriptive study was done in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore from January 2017 to January 2018 on 180 patients. Age, parity and duration of marriage were expressed as mean and frequency with percentages. Reasons of acceptance and decline were also expressed as frequency with percentage. The age range of the patient in present study was between 18-62±8.565 years. Regarding marital status, all the recruited females were married. Parity range was from 0-9±2.101 with a mean parity of 3.03. There were 129 females who accepted Pap smear. The most frequent reason for acceptance was recommendation by doctor in 93 (72%) patients. Out of 180 patients, 51 patients were those who decline Pap smear. The reason of decline was fear of pain in 17 (33.3%) patients, fear of a positive result and lack of knowledge. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease which affects the females in their early reproductive year. Screening should be offered in all reproductive females and it should be promoted through media campaigns. It is the responsibility of doctors as well to offer this screening test to all the female coming with or without gynecological complaints.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Acceptance and Decline of Pap Smear in a Tertiary Care Setup
    AU  - Shazia Tazion
    AU  - Maimoona Hafeez
    AU  - Nishat Akram
    AU  - Rukhsana Manzoor
    AU  - Nazia Badar
    Y1  - 2020/02/04
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15
    T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
    SP  - 20
    EP  - 23
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2376-7820
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20200801.15
    AB  - Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of genital tract. Risk factors include early age at first intercourse, smoking and multiple sexual partners. Cervical cancer can be prevented by Pap smear screening test. Pap smear is still an underutilized diagnostic modality in under developed countries. Provision and appropriate treatment should be offered in female. Objective of this study was to address the mindset of our females about pap smear screening and spreading awareness. This descriptive study was done in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sharif Medical City Hospital Lahore from January 2017 to January 2018 on 180 patients. Age, parity and duration of marriage were expressed as mean and frequency with percentages. Reasons of acceptance and decline were also expressed as frequency with percentage. The age range of the patient in present study was between 18-62±8.565 years. Regarding marital status, all the recruited females were married. Parity range was from 0-9±2.101 with a mean parity of 3.03. There were 129 females who accepted Pap smear. The most frequent reason for acceptance was recommendation by doctor in 93 (72%) patients. Out of 180 patients, 51 patients were those who decline Pap smear. The reason of decline was fear of pain in 17 (33.3%) patients, fear of a positive result and lack of knowledge. Cervical cancer is a deadly disease which affects the females in their early reproductive year. Screening should be offered in all reproductive females and it should be promoted through media campaigns. It is the responsibility of doctors as well to offer this screening test to all the female coming with or without gynecological complaints.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Faculty of Sharif Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Sections