Food-borne diseases have been rising daily, significantly affecting the health and economy of developing countries. Proper preparation and handling can decrease the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding food safety among students of English institutes in Central Darfur, Sudan. A cross-sectional questionnaire was designed for the study, which was conducted in the city of Garsila. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaire administration to 100 students. The majority of respondents were female (61.0%) and aged between 18 and 25 years (92.0%). Most were single (84.0%), with less than half having attended secondary school (48.0%) and 22.0% having pursued higher education. The results revealed that 92.0% of respondents had never attended a course in food safety. The results indicate that 52.0% of respondents incorrectly believe that all bacteria are killed during freezing, while 76.0% disagree that washing hands with only water is sufficient for cleanliness. Most respondents (98.0%) agree that food hygiene training for food workers is crucial in reducing the risk of food contamination, and all respondents (100.0%) agree that food safety knowledge is important for a healthy life. Additionally, 95.0% of respondents reported reheating cooked food. These findings suggest a moderate level of awareness regarding food safety among students at the English institute in Garsila.
| Published in | Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 13, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13 |
| Page(s) | 18-27 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Food Safety, Food Contamination, Food Course, Food Hygiene, Foodborne Disease
Variable | Frequency | Percent (%) | Cumulative percent (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 39(39) | 39.0 (39.0) | 39.0 |
Female | 61(61) | 61.0(61.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Age | |||
18 to 25 | 92(92) | 92.0 (92.0) | 92.0 |
26 to 35 | 7(7) | 7.0(7.0) | 99.0 |
36 to 45 | 1(1) | 1.0(1.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Marital status | |||
Single | 84(84) | 84.0(84.0) | 84.0 |
Married | 16(16) | 16.0(16.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Educational level | |||
Primary school | 23(23) | 23.0(23.0) | 23.0 |
Secondary school | 48(48) | 48.0(48.0) | 71.0 |
High education | 22(22) | 22.0(22.0) | 93.0 |
Noneducated | 7(7) | 7.0(7.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Ever attended a food safety course. | |||
Yes | 8(8) | 8.0(8.0) | 8.0 |
No | 92(92) | 92.0(92.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 |
Variable | Frequency | Percent (%) | Cumulative percent (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Wearing of watch and jewelry during the preparation of food can cause food contamination. | |||
Agree | 63(63) | 63.0(63.0) | 63.0 |
Disagree | 37(37) | 37.0(37.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
All bacteria should be killed during freezing. | |||
Agree | 52(52) | 52.0(52.0) | |
Disagree | 48(48) | 48.0(48.0) | |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Washing hands regularly before working is one part of personal hygiene. | |||
Agree | 98(98) | 98.0(98.0) | 98.0 |
Disagree | 2(2) | 2.0(2.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Washing hands with only water can’t clean enough. | |||
Agree | 24(24) | 24.0(24.0) | 24.0 |
Disagree | 76(76) | 76.0(76.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Wearing a mask is one part of personal hygiene. | |||
Agree | 93(93) | 93.0(93.0) | 93.0 |
Disagree | 7(7) | 7.0(7.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Proper cleaning and handling of instruments reduce the risk of food contamination. | |||
Agree | 97(97) | 97.0(97.0) | 97.0 |
Disagree | 3(3) | 3.0(3.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Reuse of oil is dangerous for health. | |||
Agree | 83(83) | 83.0(83.0) | 83.0 |
Disagree | 17(17) | 17.0(17.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Contaminated food always has some change in color and odor or taste. | |||
Agree | 96(96) | 96.0(96.0) | 96.0 |
Disagree | 4(4) | 4.0(4.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Food workers can’t have long nails. | |||
Agree | 98(98) | 98.0(98.0) | 98.0 |
Disagree | 2(2) | 2.0(2.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Eating and drinking in the workplace increases the risk of food contamination. | |||
Agree | 74(74) | 74.0(74.0) | 74.0 |
Disagree | 26(26) | 26.0(26.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Variable | Frequency | Percent (%) | Cumulative percent (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Properly cooked food is free from contamination. | |||
Agree | 96(96) | 96.0(96.0) | 96.0 |
Disagree | 4(4) | 4.0(4.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Cleaning hands can prevent food-borne disease. | |||
Agree | 90(90) | 90.0(90.0) | 90.0 |
Disagree | 10(10) | 10.0(10.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Food hygiene training for food workers is an important issue in reducing the risk of food contamination. | |||
Agree | 98(98) | 98.0(98.0) | 98.0 |
Disagree | 2(2) | 2.0(2.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Protective clothing reduces the risk of food contamination. | |||
Agree | 94(94) | 94.0(94.0) | 94.0 |
Disagree | 6(6) | 6.0(6.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Food safety knowledge is important for a healthy life. | |||
Agree | 100(100) | 100.0(100.0) | 100.0 |
Disagree | 100.0 | ||
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Variable | Frequency | Percent (%) | Cumulative percent (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Do you wash your hands before and after handling? | |||
Yes | 98(98) | 98.0(98.0) | 98.0 |
No | 2(2) | 2.0(2.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you keep your nails short and clean? | |||
Yes | 100(100) | 100.0(100.0) | 100.0 |
No | 100.0 | ||
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you reheat a cooked food? | |||
Yes | 95(95) | 95.0(95.0) | 95.0 |
No | 5(5) | 5.0(5.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you wash your hands before processing food? | |||
Yes | 94(94) | 94.0(94.0) | 94.0 |
No | 6(6) | 6.0(6.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you use clean instruments during processing food? | |||
Yes | 97(97) | 97.0(97.0) | 97.0 |
No | 3(3) | 3.0(3.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you use detergents when washing food instruments? | |||
Yes | 100(100) | 100.0(100.0) | 100.0 |
No | 100.0 | ||
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you properly clean the food storage area before storing new products? | |||
Yes | 100(100) | 100.0(100.0) | 100.0 |
No | 100.0 | ||
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Do you dry your hands after washing them with a towel? | |||
Yes | 94(94) | 94.0(94.0) | 94.0 |
No | 6(6) | 6.0(6.0) | 100.0 |
Total | 100 | 100.0 | |
Demographic characteristics of respondents | Food safety attitude |
1\ Gender a – male () b- female () 2\ Age a – 15 to 25 () b- 26 to 35() c- 36 to 45 () d- above than 46 () 3\ marital status a_ Single () b- married () c- others () 4\Educational level a_ primary school () b- secondary school () d- high education () c- noneducated () 5\ Ever attended a food handling and/or safety course Yes () No () | 1\ proper cooked food is free from contamination? Agree () Disagree () 2\ Cleaning hands can prevent food-borne disease Agree () Disagree () 3\ Food hygiene training for food workers is an important issue in reducing the risk of food contamination. Agree () Disagree () 4\ Does protective clothing reduce the risk of food contamination? Agree () Disagree () 5\ Food safety knowledge is important for a healthy life? Agree () Disagree () |
food safety knowledge | Food safety practices |
1\ Wearing of watch and jewelry during the preparation of food can cause food contamination. agree () Disagree () 2\ All bacteria should be killed during freezing? Agree () Disagree () 3\ Washing hands regularly before working is one part of personal hygiene. Agree () Disagree () 4\ Washing hands with only water can’t clean enough? Agree () Disagree () 5\ Wearing a mask is one part of personal hygiene. Agree () Disagree () 6\ Proper cleaning and handling of instruments reduce the risk of food contamination. Agree () Disagree () 7\ Reuse of oil is dangerous for health? Agree () Disagree () 8\ contaminated food always have some change in color and odor or taste? Agree () Disagree () 9\ Food worker can’t have long nails? Agree () Disagree () 10\ Eating and drinking in the workplace increases the risk of food contamination. Agree () Disagree () | 1\ Do you wash your hands before and after handling? Yes () No () 2\ Do you keep your nails short and clean? Yes () No () 3\ Do you reheat cooked food? Yes () No () 4\ Do you wash your hands before processing food? Yes () No () 5\ Do you use clean instruments during processing food? Yes () No () 6\ Do you use detergents when washing food instruments? Yes () No () 7\ Do you properly clean the food storage area before storing new products? Yes () No () 8\Do you drying hands after washing them with a towel? Yes () No () |
SPSS | Statistical Packages for Social Sciences |
WHO | World Health Organization |
SMEs | Small and Medium-sized Enterprises |
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APA Style
Abduelrahman, M. Y., Adam, S. Y., Ahmed, A. A., Mohamed, A. A., Eltahir, H. A. (2025). Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among English Institute in Wadi Salih – Garsila Central Darfur- Western Sudan. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 13(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13
ACS Style
Abduelrahman, M. Y.; Adam, S. Y.; Ahmed, A. A.; Mohamed, A. A.; Eltahir, H. A. Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among English Institute in Wadi Salih – Garsila Central Darfur- Western Sudan. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2025, 13(1), 18-27. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13,
author = {Mudathir Yahia Abduelrahman and Saber Yaseen Adam and Abdelkareem Abdalla Ahmed and Ahmed Abdalmutalab Mohamed and Hamza Abdalla Eltahir},
title = {Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among English Institute in Wadi Salih – Garsila Central Darfur- Western Sudan
},
journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {18-27},
doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20251301.13},
abstract = {Food-borne diseases have been rising daily, significantly affecting the health and economy of developing countries. Proper preparation and handling can decrease the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding food safety among students of English institutes in Central Darfur, Sudan. A cross-sectional questionnaire was designed for the study, which was conducted in the city of Garsila. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaire administration to 100 students. The majority of respondents were female (61.0%) and aged between 18 and 25 years (92.0%). Most were single (84.0%), with less than half having attended secondary school (48.0%) and 22.0% having pursued higher education. The results revealed that 92.0% of respondents had never attended a course in food safety. The results indicate that 52.0% of respondents incorrectly believe that all bacteria are killed during freezing, while 76.0% disagree that washing hands with only water is sufficient for cleanliness. Most respondents (98.0%) agree that food hygiene training for food workers is crucial in reducing the risk of food contamination, and all respondents (100.0%) agree that food safety knowledge is important for a healthy life. Additionally, 95.0% of respondents reported reheating cooked food. These findings suggest a moderate level of awareness regarding food safety among students at the English institute in Garsila.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among English Institute in Wadi Salih – Garsila Central Darfur- Western Sudan AU - Mudathir Yahia Abduelrahman AU - Saber Yaseen Adam AU - Abdelkareem Abdalla Ahmed AU - Ahmed Abdalmutalab Mohamed AU - Hamza Abdalla Eltahir Y1 - 2025/02/07 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13 DO - 10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13 T2 - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences JF - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences JO - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences SP - 18 EP - 27 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-7293 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20251301.13 AB - Food-borne diseases have been rising daily, significantly affecting the health and economy of developing countries. Proper preparation and handling can decrease the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding food safety among students of English institutes in Central Darfur, Sudan. A cross-sectional questionnaire was designed for the study, which was conducted in the city of Garsila. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaire administration to 100 students. The majority of respondents were female (61.0%) and aged between 18 and 25 years (92.0%). Most were single (84.0%), with less than half having attended secondary school (48.0%) and 22.0% having pursued higher education. The results revealed that 92.0% of respondents had never attended a course in food safety. The results indicate that 52.0% of respondents incorrectly believe that all bacteria are killed during freezing, while 76.0% disagree that washing hands with only water is sufficient for cleanliness. Most respondents (98.0%) agree that food hygiene training for food workers is crucial in reducing the risk of food contamination, and all respondents (100.0%) agree that food safety knowledge is important for a healthy life. Additionally, 95.0% of respondents reported reheating cooked food. These findings suggest a moderate level of awareness regarding food safety among students at the English institute in Garsila. VL - 13 IS - 1 ER -
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
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