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Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia

Received: 24 July 2021     Accepted: 16 August 2021     Published: 12 October 2021
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Abstract

Background: The leaves of G. latifolia have long been employed in ethnomedical practices, and as food additive among the local populations in Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of G. latifolia through the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of G. latifolia leaf meal (GLLM), as well as analysis of amino acid profile of GLLM protein. Methods: Standard analytical procedures were employed for proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of GLLM, and amino acid analysis of GLLM protein. Results: Values obtained for proximate fractions on dry matter basis were: crude protein, 14.25%; Ether extract, 2.84%; and Ash, 6.26%. Others included Crude Fiber, 2.84%; Nitrogen free extractive, 60.39%, and Metabolizable energy, 2903.41Kcal/kg. The concentrations (mg/100g) of the five minerals investigated were Calcium, 10.80; Magnesium, 45.0; Potassium, 486.0; Sodium, 3.86, and Phosphorus, 395.0. Amino acid analysis of the leaf meal protein of the plant revealed that it contains nutritionally important essential and non-essential amino acids in concentrations that compare favorably with standard provisional requirement pattern: The total amino acids (TAA) content was 66.38g/100g protein; Total Essential amino acid (TEAA) with histidine was 32.53g/100g protein; Total Non-essential Amino acid (TNEAA) was 33.85g/100g protein; Percentage Total Essential Amino acid with Histidine was 49.01 protein; Percentage Essential Amino acid without Histidine recorded 45.71g/100g protein; Percentage Total Non-essential Amino acid was 50.99g/100g protein. The amino acid scores, vis-avis standard provisional scoring pattern were: Leucine, 95.7%; Isoleucine, 85.0%; Lysine, 72.7%; Methionine + cysteine, 48.6%; Phenylalanine + Tyrosine, 115.0%; Threonine, 75.0%; Valine, 80.0% The amino acids which were in abundance relative to others were: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Leucine, Arginine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Glycine and Isoleucine with the values of 9.27, 7.75, 6.70, 4.42, 4.09, 4.01, 3.97, 3.60 and 3.39 (g/100g protein), respectively. However, the first limiting amino acid(s) recorded in its amino acid profile were the two Sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine + cystein, the sum of which scored 48.60% in the amino acid scoring system. The phytochemical factors studied and their percentage compositions wer: alkaloids, 1.03%; flavonoids, 0.37%; saponins, 0.47% and tannins 0.55%. Other phytochemicals measured (mg/100g) included Phenols, 0.17; Phytates, 0.12, and Cyanogenic glycosides, 7.07. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that Gongronema latifolia could contribute significant nutritional benefits to human and livestock nutritional needs. However, further research is needed to ascertain specific administration regimen of GLLM or the phyto-nutrients of G. latifolia leaf extracts.

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13
Page(s) 124-130
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nutritional Evaluation, Leaf Meal, Gongronema latifolia, Utasi, Phytochemicals

References
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    Bassey Ukorebi. (2021). Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 9(5), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13

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    Bassey Ukorebi. Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2021, 9(5), 124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13

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    Bassey Ukorebi. Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia. J Food Nutr Sci. 2021;9(5):124-130. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13,
      author = {Bassey Ukorebi},
      title = {Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia},
      journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {5},
      pages = {124-130},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20210905.13},
      abstract = {Background: The leaves of G. latifolia have long been employed in ethnomedical practices, and as food additive among the local populations in Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of G. latifolia through the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of G. latifolia leaf meal (GLLM), as well as analysis of amino acid profile of GLLM protein. Methods: Standard analytical procedures were employed for proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of GLLM, and amino acid analysis of GLLM protein. Results: Values obtained for proximate fractions on dry matter basis were: crude protein, 14.25%; Ether extract, 2.84%; and Ash, 6.26%. Others included Crude Fiber, 2.84%; Nitrogen free extractive, 60.39%, and Metabolizable energy, 2903.41Kcal/kg. The concentrations (mg/100g) of the five minerals investigated were Calcium, 10.80; Magnesium, 45.0; Potassium, 486.0; Sodium, 3.86, and Phosphorus, 395.0. Amino acid analysis of the leaf meal protein of the plant revealed that it contains nutritionally important essential and non-essential amino acids in concentrations that compare favorably with standard provisional requirement pattern: The total amino acids (TAA) content was 66.38g/100g protein; Total Essential amino acid (TEAA) with histidine was 32.53g/100g protein; Total Non-essential Amino acid (TNEAA) was 33.85g/100g protein; Percentage Total Essential Amino acid with Histidine was 49.01 protein; Percentage Essential Amino acid without Histidine recorded 45.71g/100g protein; Percentage Total Non-essential Amino acid was 50.99g/100g protein. The amino acid scores, vis-avis standard provisional scoring pattern were: Leucine, 95.7%; Isoleucine, 85.0%; Lysine, 72.7%; Methionine + cysteine, 48.6%; Phenylalanine + Tyrosine, 115.0%; Threonine, 75.0%; Valine, 80.0% The amino acids which were in abundance relative to others were: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Leucine, Arginine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Glycine and Isoleucine with the values of 9.27, 7.75, 6.70, 4.42, 4.09, 4.01, 3.97, 3.60 and 3.39 (g/100g protein), respectively. However, the first limiting amino acid(s) recorded in its amino acid profile were the two Sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine + cystein, the sum of which scored 48.60% in the amino acid scoring system. The phytochemical factors studied and their percentage compositions wer: alkaloids, 1.03%; flavonoids, 0.37%; saponins, 0.47% and tannins 0.55%. Other phytochemicals measured (mg/100g) included Phenols, 0.17; Phytates, 0.12, and Cyanogenic glycosides, 7.07. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that Gongronema latifolia could contribute significant nutritional benefits to human and livestock nutritional needs. However, further research is needed to ascertain specific administration regimen of GLLM or the phyto-nutrients of G. latifolia leaf extracts.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Nutritional Evaluation of the Leaf Meal of Gongronema latifolia
    AU  - Bassey Ukorebi
    Y1  - 2021/10/12
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13
    T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    SP  - 124
    EP  - 130
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7293
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20210905.13
    AB  - Background: The leaves of G. latifolia have long been employed in ethnomedical practices, and as food additive among the local populations in Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of G. latifolia through the proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of G. latifolia leaf meal (GLLM), as well as analysis of amino acid profile of GLLM protein. Methods: Standard analytical procedures were employed for proximate, mineral and phytochemical analysis of GLLM, and amino acid analysis of GLLM protein. Results: Values obtained for proximate fractions on dry matter basis were: crude protein, 14.25%; Ether extract, 2.84%; and Ash, 6.26%. Others included Crude Fiber, 2.84%; Nitrogen free extractive, 60.39%, and Metabolizable energy, 2903.41Kcal/kg. The concentrations (mg/100g) of the five minerals investigated were Calcium, 10.80; Magnesium, 45.0; Potassium, 486.0; Sodium, 3.86, and Phosphorus, 395.0. Amino acid analysis of the leaf meal protein of the plant revealed that it contains nutritionally important essential and non-essential amino acids in concentrations that compare favorably with standard provisional requirement pattern: The total amino acids (TAA) content was 66.38g/100g protein; Total Essential amino acid (TEAA) with histidine was 32.53g/100g protein; Total Non-essential Amino acid (TNEAA) was 33.85g/100g protein; Percentage Total Essential Amino acid with Histidine was 49.01 protein; Percentage Essential Amino acid without Histidine recorded 45.71g/100g protein; Percentage Total Non-essential Amino acid was 50.99g/100g protein. The amino acid scores, vis-avis standard provisional scoring pattern were: Leucine, 95.7%; Isoleucine, 85.0%; Lysine, 72.7%; Methionine + cysteine, 48.6%; Phenylalanine + Tyrosine, 115.0%; Threonine, 75.0%; Valine, 80.0% The amino acids which were in abundance relative to others were: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Leucine, Arginine, Valine, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Glycine and Isoleucine with the values of 9.27, 7.75, 6.70, 4.42, 4.09, 4.01, 3.97, 3.60 and 3.39 (g/100g protein), respectively. However, the first limiting amino acid(s) recorded in its amino acid profile were the two Sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine + cystein, the sum of which scored 48.60% in the amino acid scoring system. The phytochemical factors studied and their percentage compositions wer: alkaloids, 1.03%; flavonoids, 0.37%; saponins, 0.47% and tannins 0.55%. Other phytochemicals measured (mg/100g) included Phenols, 0.17; Phytates, 0.12, and Cyanogenic glycosides, 7.07. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that Gongronema latifolia could contribute significant nutritional benefits to human and livestock nutritional needs. However, further research is needed to ascertain specific administration regimen of GLLM or the phyto-nutrients of G. latifolia leaf extracts.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

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