When compression ignition engines operate with biodiesel, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter, and hydrocarbons are significantly reduced, whereas emissions of nitric oxides (NOx) increase substantially. Steam injection was used in this study to reduce NOx emissions and for its effects on the chemical equilibrium of combustion products. Variations in the thermodynamic properties of the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, as well as changes in the temperature of the adiabatic flame and the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, were studied during combustion of both conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel, with and without 5% steam injection. These variations were analyzed at different pressures, equivalence ratios, and temperatures of the unburned mixture. The results showed that when the flame temperature exceeded 1800 K, a decrease of 103 K in the maximum flame temperature due to steam injection reduced thermal nitric oxide (NO) production by 73%. The results also indicated that while NO emissions and adiabatic temperature decrease significantly, specific heat values increase as the steam injection rate was raised. At chemical equilibrium, combustion products contain only the most stable species in substantial quantities below 1300 K. The emission of CO and NOx by lean combustion systems indicates that chemical equilibrium is not maintained when the combustion products are cooled.
| Published in | International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 14, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14 |
| Page(s) | 171-181 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Chemical Equilibrium Products, Combustion, Biodiesel, Conventional Diesel Fuel, Steam Injection Method
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APA Style
Shou, J. P. G. (2025). Effect of Steam on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Specific Heat of Equilibrium Combustion Products of Conventional Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 14(3), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14
ACS Style
Shou, J. P. G. Effect of Steam on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Specific Heat of Equilibrium Combustion Products of Conventional Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2025, 14(3), 171-181. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14,
author = {Jean Paul Gram Shou},
title = {Effect of Steam on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Specific Heat of Equilibrium Combustion Products of Conventional Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel
},
journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {171-181},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsge.20251403.14},
abstract = {When compression ignition engines operate with biodiesel, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter, and hydrocarbons are significantly reduced, whereas emissions of nitric oxides (NOx) increase substantially. Steam injection was used in this study to reduce NOx emissions and for its effects on the chemical equilibrium of combustion products. Variations in the thermodynamic properties of the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, as well as changes in the temperature of the adiabatic flame and the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, were studied during combustion of both conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel, with and without 5% steam injection. These variations were analyzed at different pressures, equivalence ratios, and temperatures of the unburned mixture. The results showed that when the flame temperature exceeded 1800 K, a decrease of 103 K in the maximum flame temperature due to steam injection reduced thermal nitric oxide (NO) production by 73%. The results also indicated that while NO emissions and adiabatic temperature decrease significantly, specific heat values increase as the steam injection rate was raised. At chemical equilibrium, combustion products contain only the most stable species in substantial quantities below 1300 K. The emission of CO and NOx by lean combustion systems indicates that chemical equilibrium is not maintained when the combustion products are cooled.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Steam on the Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Specific Heat of Equilibrium Combustion Products of Conventional Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel AU - Jean Paul Gram Shou Y1 - 2025/07/23 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14 T2 - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy JF - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy JO - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy SP - 171 EP - 181 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1549 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsge.20251403.14 AB - When compression ignition engines operate with biodiesel, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter, and hydrocarbons are significantly reduced, whereas emissions of nitric oxides (NOx) increase substantially. Steam injection was used in this study to reduce NOx emissions and for its effects on the chemical equilibrium of combustion products. Variations in the thermodynamic properties of the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, as well as changes in the temperature of the adiabatic flame and the combustion products at chemical equilibrium, were studied during combustion of both conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel, with and without 5% steam injection. These variations were analyzed at different pressures, equivalence ratios, and temperatures of the unburned mixture. The results showed that when the flame temperature exceeded 1800 K, a decrease of 103 K in the maximum flame temperature due to steam injection reduced thermal nitric oxide (NO) production by 73%. The results also indicated that while NO emissions and adiabatic temperature decrease significantly, specific heat values increase as the steam injection rate was raised. At chemical equilibrium, combustion products contain only the most stable species in substantial quantities below 1300 K. The emission of CO and NOx by lean combustion systems indicates that chemical equilibrium is not maintained when the combustion products are cooled. VL - 14 IS - 3 ER -
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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