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The Impact of Development Induced Displacement on the Livelihood of Small Holder Farmers; the Case of DejenWoreda Rural Kebeles

Received: 11 January 2019     Accepted: 16 February 2019     Published: 11 March 2019
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Abstract

Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of thisstudy was to assessed the impact of development induced displacement on the livelihood of small holder farmers. The study employed mixed methods approach with case control design. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion.By using Census survey and systematic random sampling a total of 162 cases (displaced) and 162 controls (non-displaced households) participated in the study respectivelly. The study employed a modified sustainable livelihood conceptual framework by incorporating basic elements of the frame work The finding revealed that compared to the controls, the cases have lower size of land holding, average livestock holding(1.45 ha vs1.1 ha), (1.804 vs. 2.574 for oxen; 0.936 vs. 1.56 for cows respectively). The controls average annual income is higher than the cases (31,000 vs. 23600 respectively). Greater proportion of displaced households (76.2%) than the non-displaced households (9.7%) perceived that their annual income is decreases within the five years preceding the survey. Compared to controls, large proportion of cases couldn’t able to meet the basic needs of the household (55.1% vs. 23.2%).The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for displaced households.

Published in International Journal of Sustainable Development Research (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12
Page(s) 9-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Displacement, Development Induced, Livelihood, Compensation

References
[1] Agerie Nega. (2013). Determinants of Smallholder Rural Farm Households ’ Participation in Small Scale Irrigation and Its Effect on Income in North Gondar Zone : A Cross- Sectional Approach ( Evidence from Dembia Woreda. Mekele University.
[2] Bikila Ayele. (2014). The Impacts of Development-Induced Displacement and Relocation on the Livelihoods of Households in Dukem Area. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[3] Broughton, A. (2013). Land Grabbing : A New Colonialism, (April 2008), 25–29.
[4] Cernea, M. M. (1997). Development induced and conflict-induced IDPs : bridging the research divide.
[5] FDRE (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia), 1995. The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
[6] Feyera Abdissa. (2005). Urban Expansion and the Livelihood of the Peri-Urban Agricultural Community: The Case of Addis Ababa.
[7] Firew Bekele. (2010). The Impact of Horizontal Urban Expansion on Sub- Urban Agricultural Community Livelihood : The Case of Tabor Sub-City, Hawassa city,. Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa.
[8] Irit, E., & Weyni, T. (2011). Rebuilding livelihoods after dam-induced relocation in Koga, Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Bonn, Germany.
[9] Leulsegged Kasa, Dawit Alemu, Zeleke Gete, Fisum Hagos, & Andreas Heinimann. (2015). Impact of Urbanization of Addis Abeba City on Peri-Urban Environment and Livelihoods, (January 2015).
[10] Nampungu, P. (2011). An Assessment of the Impact of a Government Involuntary Relocation and Resettlement Program on the Livelihoods of Development-Induced Displaced Populations. Oxford Brookes University.
[11] Teketel Fikadu. (2015). Urban Expansion and Its Effects on Peripheral Farming Communities: The Case of Hosanna Town, Hadiya Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Haramaya University, Haramay.
[12] Terminski, B. (2012). Development-induced displacement and human security : a very short introduction.
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  • APA Style

    Demeke Siltan. (2019). The Impact of Development Induced Displacement on the Livelihood of Small Holder Farmers; the Case of DejenWoreda Rural Kebeles. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 5(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12

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    ACS Style

    Demeke Siltan. The Impact of Development Induced Displacement on the Livelihood of Small Holder Farmers; the Case of DejenWoreda Rural Kebeles. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Res. 2019, 5(1), 9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12

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    AMA Style

    Demeke Siltan. The Impact of Development Induced Displacement on the Livelihood of Small Holder Farmers; the Case of DejenWoreda Rural Kebeles. Int J Sustain Dev Res. 2019;5(1):9-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12,
      author = {Demeke Siltan},
      title = {The Impact of Development Induced Displacement on the Livelihood of Small Holder Farmers; the Case of DejenWoreda Rural Kebeles},
      journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190501.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20190501.12},
      abstract = {Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of thisstudy was to assessed the impact of development induced displacement on the livelihood of small holder farmers. The study employed mixed methods approach with case control design. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion.By using Census survey and systematic random sampling a total of 162 cases (displaced) and 162 controls (non-displaced households) participated in the study respectivelly. The study employed a modified sustainable livelihood conceptual framework by incorporating basic elements of the frame work The finding revealed that compared to the controls, the cases have lower size of land holding, average livestock holding(1.45 ha vs1.1 ha), (1.804 vs. 2.574 for oxen; 0.936 vs. 1.56 for cows respectively). The controls average annual income is higher than the cases (31,000 vs. 23600 respectively). Greater proportion of displaced households (76.2%) than the non-displaced households (9.7%) perceived that their annual income is decreases within the five years preceding the survey. Compared to controls, large proportion of cases couldn’t able to meet the basic needs of the household (55.1% vs. 23.2%).The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for displaced households.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Demeke Siltan
    Y1  - 2019/03/11
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    AB  - Development-induced projects are factor for involuntary migration to urban areas for the search of better employment raised the rate of vulnerability for socio-economic inequalities. The aim of thisstudy was to assessed the impact of development induced displacement on the livelihood of small holder farmers. The study employed mixed methods approach with case control design. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaire and qualitative data were collected via interview and focus group discussion.By using Census survey and systematic random sampling a total of 162 cases (displaced) and 162 controls (non-displaced households) participated in the study respectivelly. The study employed a modified sustainable livelihood conceptual framework by incorporating basic elements of the frame work The finding revealed that compared to the controls, the cases have lower size of land holding, average livestock holding(1.45 ha vs1.1 ha), (1.804 vs. 2.574 for oxen; 0.936 vs. 1.56 for cows respectively). The controls average annual income is higher than the cases (31,000 vs. 23600 respectively). Greater proportion of displaced households (76.2%) than the non-displaced households (9.7%) perceived that their annual income is decreases within the five years preceding the survey. Compared to controls, large proportion of cases couldn’t able to meet the basic needs of the household (55.1% vs. 23.2%).The fining also revealed that the amount of money paid as compensation for the displaced households is not fair/ enough as compared with what they lose. Therefore the government should provide fair amount of compensation for displaced households.
    VL  - 5
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Author Information
  • Department of Social Work, College of Social Science and Humanities, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

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