| Peer-Reviewed

Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia

Received: 11 June 2016     Accepted: 20 June 2016     Published: 6 July 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Air conditioning in houses, office buildings and schools consume high portion of the generated electricity in Saudi Arabia. This paper presents a study of the economic opportunities afforded by installing an ice storage system to existing air conditioning plants of a school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In this paper, the assumptions are i) fixed interest rate of 10%, ii) a tenure of 10 years and iii) estimated operational tariff structure depending on both the number of operating hours and the ambient temperature. The study examines both full and partial load storage scenarios then calculates the effect of various pricing tariffs on cost optimization. The results show that the current fixed electricity tariff rate of $0.0267/kWh which is not economically feasible. Combining both the energy storage and an incentive time structured rate shows reasonable daily bill savings. For a base tariff of $0.07/kWh during daytime operation and $0.0267/kWh for the off-peak period, savings of $33/d and $73.36/d is achievable for full load storage and partial load scenarios, respectively. These savings will increase to $159/d for full load storage and $124.06/d for partial load storage after 10 years.

Published in International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12
Page(s) 59-70
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ice Storage, Cooling Load, Economic Analysis

References
[1] Yau Y H, Rismanchi B (2012). A review on cool thermal storage technologies and operating stratigies. Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 787-797.
[2] Parameshwaran R, Kalaiselvam S, Harikrishnan S, Elayaperumal A (2012). Sustainable thermal energy storage technologies for buildings: A review. Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 2394-2433.
[3] Habeebullah, B (2007). Economic feasibility of thermal energy storage systems. Energy and Buildings, 39: 355-363
[4] Michael H (2003). Ice thermal storage for Colorado School. ASHRAE Journal, 45: 50-53.
[5] Keisuke O, (2002). Thermal storage air conditioning system in subway station building. Japanese Railway Engineering, 148: 17-20.
[6] Ihm P, Krarti M, Henze G (2004). Development of a thermal energy storage model for EnergyPlus. Energy and Buildings, 36: 807-814.
[7] EnergyPlus (2014). EnergyPlus Manual, Documentation V8.1.0.009, program DOE 2014, USA
[8] Henze G, Krarti M, Brandemuehl M (2003). Guidelines for improved performance of ice storage systems. Energy and Buildings, 35: p 111-127.
[9] Sanaye S, Shirazi A (2013). Energy systems improvement thermo-economic optimization of an ice thermal energy storage system for air-conditioning applications. Energy and Buildings, 60: 100-109.
[10] Sebzali M, Ameer B, Hussain H (2014). Comparison of energy performance and economics of chilled water thermal storage and conventional air-conditioning systems. Energy and Buildings, 69: 237–250.
[11] ASHRAE (1995), Thermal Energy Storage, ASHRAE Handbook of applications. Atlanta, Georgia: American society of heating ventilation and air conditioning.
[12] Anonymous (1999). Baltimor aircoil, Ice chiller thermal storage unit, TSU references, TSU document.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Badr Habeebullah, Rahim Jassim, Nedim Turkmen, Ahmad Bokhary, Majed Alhazmy. (2016). Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy, 5(4), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Badr Habeebullah; Rahim Jassim; Nedim Turkmen; Ahmad Bokhary; Majed Alhazmy. Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia. Int. J. Sustain. Green Energy 2016, 5(4), 59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Badr Habeebullah, Rahim Jassim, Nedim Turkmen, Ahmad Bokhary, Majed Alhazmy. Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia. Int J Sustain Green Energy. 2016;5(4):59-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12,
      author = {Badr Habeebullah and Rahim Jassim and Nedim Turkmen and Ahmad Bokhary and Majed Alhazmy},
      title = {Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia},
      journal = {International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {59-70},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijrse.20160504.12},
      abstract = {Air conditioning in houses, office buildings and schools consume high portion of the generated electricity in Saudi Arabia. This paper presents a study of the economic opportunities afforded by installing an ice storage system to existing air conditioning plants of a school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In this paper, the assumptions are i) fixed interest rate of 10%, ii) a tenure of 10 years and iii) estimated operational tariff structure depending on both the number of operating hours and the ambient temperature. The study examines both full and partial load storage scenarios then calculates the effect of various pricing tariffs on cost optimization. The results show that the current fixed electricity tariff rate of $0.0267/kWh which is not economically feasible. Combining both the energy storage and an incentive time structured rate shows reasonable daily bill savings. For a base tariff of $0.07/kWh during daytime operation and $0.0267/kWh for the off-peak period, savings of $33/d and $73.36/d is achievable for full load storage and partial load scenarios, respectively. These savings will increase to $159/d for full load storage and $124.06/d for partial load storage after 10 years.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Cost-Effectiveness Opportunities for Thermal Energy Storage Systems: A Case Study of School Building in Saudi Arabia
    AU  - Badr Habeebullah
    AU  - Rahim Jassim
    AU  - Nedim Turkmen
    AU  - Ahmad Bokhary
    AU  - Majed Alhazmy
    Y1  - 2016/07/06
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12
    T2  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JF  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    JO  - International Journal of Sustainable and Green Energy
    SP  - 59
    EP  - 70
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1549
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijrse.20160504.12
    AB  - Air conditioning in houses, office buildings and schools consume high portion of the generated electricity in Saudi Arabia. This paper presents a study of the economic opportunities afforded by installing an ice storage system to existing air conditioning plants of a school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In this paper, the assumptions are i) fixed interest rate of 10%, ii) a tenure of 10 years and iii) estimated operational tariff structure depending on both the number of operating hours and the ambient temperature. The study examines both full and partial load storage scenarios then calculates the effect of various pricing tariffs on cost optimization. The results show that the current fixed electricity tariff rate of $0.0267/kWh which is not economically feasible. Combining both the energy storage and an incentive time structured rate shows reasonable daily bill savings. For a base tariff of $0.07/kWh during daytime operation and $0.0267/kWh for the off-peak period, savings of $33/d and $73.36/d is achievable for full load storage and partial load scenarios, respectively. These savings will increase to $159/d for full load storage and $124.06/d for partial load storage after 10 years.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Saudi Electric Services Polytechnic (SESP), Baish, Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

  • Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Sections