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Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C

Received: 18 July 2019     Published: 27 August 2019
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Abstract

The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of brazing treatment on mechanical properties of both titanium Grade 2 and titanium Grade 5 alloys. The research group obtained Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium alloys and brazing- treated them at temperatures of 680, 800, 850, 900, 920, 950, and 1000°C. Afterward, each sample was tensile tested, mounted, hardness tested, and observed by optical microscope to investigate corresponding microstructures. Based on the result sheets, it was revealed that the yield strength and tensile strength and ultimate strength of Ti Grade 2 alloys showed drastic fall after heating to 680°C, then no change up to 850°C, fall again up to 950°C, and remained unchanged strength to 1000°C However, the Ti Grade 5 samples showed completely different behavior. The yield strength was unchanged after heating to different temperatures. When heating to 680°C. It didn’t affect the strength at all, then after heating to 800°C, the strength decreased about 100MPa. But after this, higher temperatures didn’t change strength anymore. The Ultimate strength however showed a different trend as it continuously went down at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, the hardness of both alloys decreased constantly when temperature increased. Regarding Ti Grade 2 alloys, the initial drop in strength was due to annealing. Around 800°C, alpha laths started to form and that caused strength to increase. When the temperature reached at 850°C, the basketweave alpha laths were formed. Over that temperature, the grain sizes were significantly large which caused the strength to decrease. However, there was not much of change in alpha/beta ratio for Ti Grade 5 alloys. EBSD could be a helpful method since the alpha grain size can be determined from that.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13
Page(s) 47-55
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Titanium Alloys, Brazing, Microstructures, Mechanical Properties

References
[1] Shapiro, Alex. “Capstone Introduction.” Titanium Brazing, Inc.
[2] Schwartz, Mel M. (1987). Brazing. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-246-3. pp. 131–160.
[3] Schwartz, Mel M. (1987). Brazing. ASM International. ISBN 978-0-87170-246-3. pp. 163–185.
[4] 2004, W. B. (2018, August 21). Titanium Alloys - Characterstics of Alpha, Alpha Beta and Beta Titanium Alloys. Retrieved July 20, 2019, from https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=2591
[5] Titanium – A Technical Guide. ASM International. 2000. ISBN 9781615030620.
[6] R. Boyer, G. Welsch, and E. W. Collings, eds. Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1994.
[7] 6AL-4V Titanium. (n.d.). Retrieved July 20, 2019, from https://performancetitanium.com/6al-4v-grade5/
[8] Mandal S., Ray, A. K., & Ray, A. K. Correlation between the mechanical properties and the microstructural behaviour of Al2O3–(Ag–Cu–Ti) brazed joints. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2004, vol. 383 (2), pp. 235-244.
[9] Wang R. R., & Welsch, G. E. Joining titanium materials with tungsten inert gas welding, laser welding, and infrared brazing. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, 1995, vol. 74 (5), pp. 521-530.
[10] Botstein O., & Rabinkin A. Brazing of titanium-based alloys with amorphous 25wt.% Ti-25wt.% Zr-50wt.% Cu filler metal. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1994, vol. 188 (1-2), pp. 305-315.
[11] Shujie Pang, Lulu Sun, Huaping Xiong, Chen Chen, Ying Liu, Haifei Li, Tao Zhang. A multicomponent TiZr-based amorphous brazing filler metal for high-strength joining of titanium alloy [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2016, vol. 117, pp. 55-59.
[12] A. Winiowski, D. Majewski. Brazing of Titanium with Aluminium Alloys [J]. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2017, vol. 62 (2), pp. 763-770.
[13] Aerospace Specification Metals, Inc. “Titanium Grade 2.” asm.matweb.com
[14] Aerospace Specification Metals, Inc. “Titanium Grade 5.” asm.matweb.com
[15] Lütjering G., J. C. Williams. Titanium. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2003. Print.
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  • APA Style

    Xingyu Zhang, Benjamin Hanes, Daniel Brooks, Steve Niezgoda. (2019). Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 8(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13

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    ACS Style

    Xingyu Zhang; Benjamin Hanes; Daniel Brooks; Steve Niezgoda. Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2019, 8(3), 47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13

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    AMA Style

    Xingyu Zhang, Benjamin Hanes, Daniel Brooks, Steve Niezgoda. Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2019;8(3):47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13,
      author = {Xingyu Zhang and Benjamin Hanes and Daniel Brooks and Steve Niezgoda},
      title = {Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {8},
      number = {3},
      pages = {47-55},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20190803.13},
      abstract = {The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of brazing treatment on mechanical properties of both titanium Grade 2 and titanium Grade 5 alloys. The research group obtained Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium alloys and brazing- treated them at temperatures of 680, 800, 850, 900, 920, 950, and 1000°C. Afterward, each sample was tensile tested, mounted, hardness tested, and observed by optical microscope to investigate corresponding microstructures. Based on the result sheets, it was revealed that the yield strength and tensile strength and ultimate strength of Ti Grade 2 alloys showed drastic fall after heating to 680°C, then no change up to 850°C, fall again up to 950°C, and remained unchanged strength to 1000°C However, the Ti Grade 5 samples showed completely different behavior. The yield strength was unchanged after heating to different temperatures. When heating to 680°C. It didn’t affect the strength at all, then after heating to 800°C, the strength decreased about 100MPa. But after this, higher temperatures didn’t change strength anymore. The Ultimate strength however showed a different trend as it continuously went down at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, the hardness of both alloys decreased constantly when temperature increased. Regarding Ti Grade 2 alloys, the initial drop in strength was due to annealing. Around 800°C, alpha laths started to form and that caused strength to increase. When the temperature reached at 850°C, the basketweave alpha laths were formed. Over that temperature, the grain sizes were significantly large which caused the strength to decrease. However, there was not much of change in alpha/beta ratio for Ti Grade 5 alloys. EBSD could be a helpful method since the alpha grain size can be determined from that.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Microstructure and Strength of Titanium After Heat Treatment at Different Temperatures in the Range of 680-1000°C
    AU  - Xingyu Zhang
    AU  - Benjamin Hanes
    AU  - Daniel Brooks
    AU  - Steve Niezgoda
    Y1  - 2019/08/27
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 47
    EP  - 55
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190803.13
    AB  - The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of brazing treatment on mechanical properties of both titanium Grade 2 and titanium Grade 5 alloys. The research group obtained Grade 2 and Grade 5 titanium alloys and brazing- treated them at temperatures of 680, 800, 850, 900, 920, 950, and 1000°C. Afterward, each sample was tensile tested, mounted, hardness tested, and observed by optical microscope to investigate corresponding microstructures. Based on the result sheets, it was revealed that the yield strength and tensile strength and ultimate strength of Ti Grade 2 alloys showed drastic fall after heating to 680°C, then no change up to 850°C, fall again up to 950°C, and remained unchanged strength to 1000°C However, the Ti Grade 5 samples showed completely different behavior. The yield strength was unchanged after heating to different temperatures. When heating to 680°C. It didn’t affect the strength at all, then after heating to 800°C, the strength decreased about 100MPa. But after this, higher temperatures didn’t change strength anymore. The Ultimate strength however showed a different trend as it continuously went down at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, the hardness of both alloys decreased constantly when temperature increased. Regarding Ti Grade 2 alloys, the initial drop in strength was due to annealing. Around 800°C, alpha laths started to form and that caused strength to increase. When the temperature reached at 850°C, the basketweave alpha laths were formed. Over that temperature, the grain sizes were significantly large which caused the strength to decrease. However, there was not much of change in alpha/beta ratio for Ti Grade 5 alloys. EBSD could be a helpful method since the alpha grain size can be determined from that.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

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