| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Received: 7 November 2017     Accepted: 24 November 2017     Published: 2 January 2018
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

In this study, the effect of Pb element addition varied between 0.2 - 0.4 wt.% on the microstructure and casting properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The microstructural results showed that as increasing Pb additions into the AZ91 alloy, the grains and the Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase becomes thinner. When examining the effect on casting properties; It was observed that the fluidity of AZ91 alloy increased as the increasing of Pb additions. In the hot tear tests two different mold systems were used. Hot tearing were observed in the longest section in the tests using "the mold same diameter, different lengths" and when the "the mold different diameter, same lengths" were used, hot tears were observed in all of the molds with diameters of 6, 8, 10 mm. Hot tearings were observed in 0.2 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% Pb additions, while hot tearing was not observed when this ratio increased to 0.4% for the 12 mm diameter test specimens. There was also not hot tearing were observed in any sample when the sample diameter was 16 mm.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13
Page(s) 13-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Magnesium, AZ91, Fluidity, Hot Tearing

References
[1] G. S. Cole, Summary of Magnesium Vision 2020: A North American Automotive Strategic Vision for Magnesium, Magnesium Technology, ed. R. S. Beals et al., 35-40, (2007).
[2] C. Blawert N. Hort, K. U. Kainer, Automotive Applications of Magnesium and Its Alloys, Trans. Indian Inst. Met. Vol. 57, 397-408, (2004).
[3] G. S. Cole and A. M. Sherman, Light weight materials for automotive applications. Materials Characterization, 35, (1) 3-9, (1995).
[4] D. Eliezer, E. Aghion, F. H. Froes, Magnesium Science, Technology and Applications, Advanced Performance Materials, 201-212, (1998).
[5] L. P. Barber, Characterization of the Solidification Behavior and Resultant Microstructures of Magnesium-Aluminum Alloys, A Thesis of Master, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 10-46 (2004).
[6] Z. Zhang, Development of Magnesium-Based Alloys for Elevated Temperature Applications, Doctor of These, Faculte Des Sciences Et De Genie Universite, Quebec-Canada, 2-75, (2000).
[7] S. Johansson, Magnesium Alloys, Summary of chapter 1-7 in Light alloys by I. J. Polmear, Engineering Materials, 5, 17-20, (2002).
[8] H. K. Kazdal, Magnezyum Alaşımları: Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Uygulaması ve Geleceği, Tubitak, Marmara Araştırma Merkezi, Kocaeli, 3-39, (1999).
[9] T. Aizawa, R. Song, Mechanically induced reaction for solid-state synthesis of Mg2Si and Mg2Sn, Intermetallics, 14, 382-391, (2006).
[10] M. O., Pekgüleryüz, A. A., Kaya Creep resistant magnesium alloys for power train aplications, Advanced Engineering Materials, DGM, 5, 197-221, (2004).
[11] N. Balasubramani, A. Srinivasan, U. T. S., Pillai, B. C., Pai, Effect of Pb and Sb additions on the precipitation kinetics of AZ91 magnesium alloy Mater. Sci. Eng. A 457, 275-281, (2007).
[12] Y. Guangyin, S. Yangshan, D. Wenjiang, Effects of bismuth and antimony additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy Mater. Sci. Eng. A 308, 38-44, (2001).
[13] OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Science Reports, Chapter 13, (2007).
[14] M.Ünal, An investigation of casting properties of magnesium alloys, Ph.D Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, (2008).
[15] M. D., Sabatino, F. Syvertsen, L. Arnberg, A. Nordmark, An improved method for fluidity measurement by gravity casting of spirals in sand moulds, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 18, 59-62, (2005).
[16] G. Cao, S. Kou, Hot cracking of binary Mg-Al alloy castings, Mater. Sci. Eng. 417, 230-238, (2006).
[17] Q. Wang, Y. Lu, X. Zeng, W. Ding, Y. Zhu, Q. Li, L. Jie, Study on the fluidity of AZ91+xRE magnesium alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. 271: 109-115, (1999).
[18] C. D. Lee, K. S. Shin, Effect of microporosity on the tensile properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy, Acta Materialia, 55, 4293-4303, (2007).
[19] K. T. Kashyap, C. Ramachandra, M. Sujatha, B. Chatteri, Role of diffusional coherency strain theory in the discontinuous precipitation in Mg-Al alloy, Mater. Sci. 23, 39-45, (2000).
[20] A. Srinivasan, U. T. S. Pillai, B. C. Pai, Effect of Pb addition on ageing behavior of AZ91 magnesium alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. 452, 87-92, (2006).
[21] B. Gravert, Y. Yu, K. Nisancioglu, Passivity Breakdown of Aluminum Alloys by Surface Enrichment of Group IIIA-VA Trace Elements, 9th International Symp. Paris, 627-632, (2006).
[22] H. Westengen, T. K. Aune, Magnesium Casting Alloys, Magnesium Technology, Springer, 145-204, (2006).
[23] S. Candan, M. Unal, M, Turkmen, E. Koc, Y. Turen, E. Candan, Improvement of mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium alloy by lead addition, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 501, 115-118, (2009).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Erkan Koc, Mehmet Unal, Yunus Turen, Halil Ahmet Goren, Ercan Candan. (2018). Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 7(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Erkan Koc; Mehmet Unal; Yunus Turen; Halil Ahmet Goren; Ercan Candan. Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2018, 7(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Erkan Koc, Mehmet Unal, Yunus Turen, Halil Ahmet Goren, Ercan Candan. Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2018;7(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13,
      author = {Erkan Koc and Mehmet Unal and Yunus Turen and Halil Ahmet Goren and Ercan Candan},
      title = {Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {13-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20180701.13},
      abstract = {In this study, the effect of Pb element addition varied between 0.2 - 0.4 wt.% on the microstructure and casting properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The microstructural results showed that as increasing Pb additions into the AZ91 alloy, the grains and the Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase becomes thinner. When examining the effect on casting properties; It was observed that the fluidity of AZ91 alloy increased as the increasing of Pb additions. In the hot tear tests two different mold systems were used. Hot tearing were observed in the longest section in the tests using "the mold same diameter, different lengths" and when the "the mold different diameter, same lengths" were used, hot tears were observed in all of the molds with diameters of 6, 8, 10 mm. Hot tearings were observed in 0.2 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% Pb additions, while hot tearing was not observed when this ratio increased to 0.4% for the 12 mm diameter test specimens. There was also not hot tearing were observed in any sample when the sample diameter was 16 mm.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Lead Additions on Microstructure and Casting Properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy
    AU  - Erkan Koc
    AU  - Mehmet Unal
    AU  - Yunus Turen
    AU  - Halil Ahmet Goren
    AU  - Ercan Candan
    Y1  - 2018/01/02
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    SP  - 13
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.13
    AB  - In this study, the effect of Pb element addition varied between 0.2 - 0.4 wt.% on the microstructure and casting properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The microstructural results showed that as increasing Pb additions into the AZ91 alloy, the grains and the Mg17Al12 intermetallic phase becomes thinner. When examining the effect on casting properties; It was observed that the fluidity of AZ91 alloy increased as the increasing of Pb additions. In the hot tear tests two different mold systems were used. Hot tearing were observed in the longest section in the tests using "the mold same diameter, different lengths" and when the "the mold different diameter, same lengths" were used, hot tears were observed in all of the molds with diameters of 6, 8, 10 mm. Hot tearings were observed in 0.2 wt.% and 0.3 wt.% Pb additions, while hot tearing was not observed when this ratio increased to 0.4% for the 12 mm diameter test specimens. There was also not hot tearing were observed in any sample when the sample diameter was 16 mm.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey

  • Department of Metal, Faculty of Technical Education, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey

  • Department of Metallurgy and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey

  • Mechatronics Program, Vocational School, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey

  • Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Bilecik University, Bilecik, Turkey

  • Sections