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Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology

Received: 22 July 2023     Accepted: 8 August 2023     Published: 22 August 2023
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Abstract

Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
Page(s) 81-93
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Additive Manufacturing, Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Maraging Steel, Microstructural Characterization, Porosity

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. (2023). Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 11(4), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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    ACS Style

    Ramesh Kumar Saride; Srinivas Vajjala; Aman Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2023, 11(4), 81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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    AMA Style

    Ramesh Kumar Saride, Srinivas Vajjala, Aman Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Laxminarayana Pappula, et al. Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2023;11(4):81-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12,
      author = {Ramesh Kumar Saride and Srinivas Vajjala and Aman Kumar and Rajesh Kumar and Laxminarayana Pappula and Jagan Reddy Ginuga},
      title = {Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology},
      journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
      volume = {11},
      number = {4},
      pages = {81-93},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20231104.12},
      abstract = {Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Processing and Characterization of Maraging Steel Using LPBF Additive Manufacturing Technology
    AU  - Ramesh Kumar Saride
    AU  - Srinivas Vajjala
    AU  - Aman Kumar
    AU  - Rajesh Kumar
    AU  - Laxminarayana Pappula
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    Y1  - 2023/08/22
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
    T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    SP  - 81
    EP  - 93
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0248
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231104.12
    AB  - Manufacturing processes saw significant change with the advent of Additive manufacturing (AM), which enables manufacture of complex shaped components, light-weight designs with reduced manufacturing lead times. Production of components in Maraging steel using Laser Powder Bed fusion Technology (LPBF) AM technique has gained importance in recent times, especially in defence & aerospace sectors. Current work entails processing and characterization of Maraging Steel fabricated through LPBF technology. Using full factorial DoE, primary process parameters were identified as Laser Power - 200W, Scan speed - 800mm/sec, Hatch width - 80μm. A process window comprising of laser power and scan speed was identified corresponding to the region with an energy density of ~100J/mm3. Microstructural characterization of as-deposited (AD), solution treated (ST) and ST+Aged (STA) specimens using optical and SEM microscopy revealed presence of defects like lack-of-fusion, soot and spatter. Additionally, specimens were printed with modified process parameters with zig-zig scanning pattern, resulted in reduction of defects. Furthermore, micro-hardness and tensile properties have been evaluated in AD, ST and STA conditions. The tensile strength of AD is higher compared to wrought material, whereas, STA showed equivalent strength. Also, it was inferred that printing in horizontal orientation is preferable to attain higher tensile properties.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India

  • Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India

  • Jindal Stainless Limited, Jajpur, India

  • Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osmania University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

  • Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad, India

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